Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon elements. These studies cover different ideas and discuss them within the scientific scope and application. Depending on the processing conditions of carbon precursors, carbon exists in its various allotropic forms. The electron transfer mechanism is responsible for converting the gaseous carbon atom into the various carbon states named graphite, nanotube, fullerene, diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene. Two pieces of dash-shaped typical energy involve transferring filled state electrons to nearby unfilled states to convert the carbon atom from the existing state to a new state. In an electron transfer mechanism, the carbon atom preserves its equilibrium state. When the pieces of dash-shaped typical energy involve, the electrons of the appropriate filled states instantaneously and simultaneously transfer to the unfilled states. The involved dash-shaped typical energy has its conserved behaviour that is partial. A transferring electron is also under the partially conserved forces. Carbon atoms in graphite, nanotube and fullerene states partially evolve and develop the structures. The structures of one dimension, two dimensions and four dimensions form, respectively. In the formation of such structures, atoms bind under the same pieces of involved dash-shaped typical energy. The graphite structure under the attained dynamics of atoms only is also formed but in two dimensions or amorphous carbon. Here, force and energy, the chemical in nature, together contribute. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene state atoms involve a different shaped typical energy. Such typical energy controls the orientation of the electron while undertaking its one additional clamp of energy knot. The involved typical energy has a form like a golf stick. To undertake one additional clamp of energy knot, all four electrons of the outer ring in the depositing diamond state atom get aligned along the south pole, and all four unfilled energy knots of the outer ring in the deposited diamond state atom get stretched along the east-west poles. In this way, a depositing diamond state atom binds to the deposited diamond state atom from the ground to the south. Growth is from south to ground, so the structure of diamond is a tetra-electron topological structure. The binding of lonsdaleite state atoms is from the ground to a bit south. However, in glassy carbon, the layers of gaseous, graphite and lonsdaleite state atoms bind simultaneously. The order of these layers repeats in the growth process of glassy carbon. The Mohs hardness in different carbon materials is also sketched.