Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses
Version 1
: Received: 26 April 2018 / Approved: 27 April 2018 / Online: 27 April 2018 (09:18:37 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Nguyen, T.; Avci, N.G.; Shin, D.H.; Martinez-Velez, N.; Jiang, H. Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses. Cancers 2018, 10, 171. Nguyen, T.; Avci, N.G.; Shin, D.H.; Martinez-Velez, N.; Jiang, H. Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses. Cancers 2018, 10, 171.
Abstract
With the progress of immunotherapy in cancer, oncolytic viruses (OVs) are getting more and more attention during the past decade. Due to their cancer-selective and immunogenic property, OVs are considered ideal candidates to be combined with immunotherapy to increase both specificity and efficacy in cancer treatment. OVs preferentially replicate in and lyse cancer cells, generating pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger (damage)-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These signals trigger innate immune response to modulate the solid tumor microenvironment, resulting in in situ autovaccination leading to adaptive anti-virus and anti-tumor immunity. Here, we summarize the conceptual updates of oncolytic virotherapy, immunotherapy, and the strategies to enhance the virus-mediated anti-tumor immune response, including: 1. Arm OVs with cytokines to modulated innate and adaptive immunity; 2. Combine OVs with immune checkpoint inhibitors to release T cell inhibition; 3. Combine OVs with immune co-stimulators to enhance T cell activation.
Keywords
oncolytic virus; in situ autovaccination; cytokine; immune checkpoint inhibitor; immune co-stimulator
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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