A typical river-connected lake, Jinshan Lake, was selected as the study area. By the combination of field experiment, laboratory experiment and mathematical model, we plotted the relationship between the concentration of DCu-SCu and FDI, and constructed the mathematical model of the migration and transformation of HMCu in Jinshan Lake. We choose a typical diurnal tide to simulate and revealed the vertical migration characteristics of HMCu in Jinshan Lake during a diurnal tide. The results show that: (1) The release rate of DCu was proportional to FDI and background content, respectively. (2) Due to the nearby industrial enterprises and terrain characteristics, SA loads the most HMCu, the average concentration is 70.07mg/kg. According to the characteristics and geographical location of LC, the concentration of copper in the two states fluctuates greatly (DCu: 43.20~74.77 mg/kg, SCu: 53.63~74.67mg/kg). The fluctuation trend of SCu in ZA is significantly different from that in other areas, which mainly due to the complex hydraulic distribution and the sorption-desorption process of HMs in sediment particles. The hydraulic disturbance of JG is the least and relatively stable, which is the farthest from the inlet of the lake and is the least affected by the Yangtze river. (3) The FDI in a diurnal tide reaches the suspension condition of fine sediment particles in each region. FDI and sediment concentration on the vertical exchange of two - state Cu is significant.