This study is focused on the experimental investigation of compressive strength and durability properties of lightweight concrete mixtures with fine expanded glass and expanded clay aggregates using different microfillers. The paper proposes the relationships between the compressive strength and density of concrete mixtures with different proportions of lightweight aggregates mentioned above. The performed experimental studies have revealed the tendencies of possible usage of different amount of fine lightweight aggregates and their combinations in the production of concrete mixtures depending on the demands of practical application. Following the requirements for structural concrete subjected to environmental effects, durability properties (alkaline corrosion and freeze–thaw resistance) of the selected concrete mixtures with expanded glass aggregate were studied. The results of the experimental investigations have shown that durability of tested concrete specimens was sufficient. The study has concluded that the mixtures under consideration can be applied for the production of structural elements to which durability requirements are significant.