Both lactic acid and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) play important roles in maintenance of intestinal epithelial structure and function. Trilactic glyceride (TLG) obtains both excellences of lactic acid and SCFA. This study was to investigate the effects of trilactic glyceride on growth performance, blood parameters, liver function, intestinal morphology and intestine function of piglets. Twelve weaned piglets (21±2 d) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: 1) control group, piglets fed the basal diet; 2) TLG group, piglets fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5 % TLG. On day 21 of the trial, D-xylose (0.1 g/kg·BW) was orally administrated to all piglets and blood samples were collected 1 h thereafter. Then, all the piglets were sacrificed to examine intestinal mucosal morphology and collect fatty tissue, liver and intestinal mucosa for further analysis. The results showed that: compared with the control group, TLG group decreased blood ALB and GGT on day 10 and 20, TLG group decreased blood TP and increased blood TG on day 20 of the trail (p < 0.05); TLG group decreased blood D-xylose and LDL, increased blood HDL (p < 0.05). These data suggested that supplementing trilactic glyceride had beneficial impacts on promoting nutrients’ metabolism, maintaining intestinal integrity, and alleviating oxidative stress and diarrhoea. Further research of molecular mechanisms showed changing expression levels of related proteins and genes, suggesting that these could be involved in the regulation of the impact. The community composition of the gut microbiota was also found to be altered in several operational taxonomic units within the genus, Prevotella (order Bacteroidales), and the order, Clostridiales.