Article
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Strength, Stiffness, and Microstructure of Wood Ash Stabilized Marine Clay
Version 1
: Received: 17 July 2020 / Approved: 19 July 2020 / Online: 19 July 2020 (18:49:54 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Ekinci, A.; Hanafi, M.; Aydin, E. Strength, Stiffness, and Microstructure of Wood-Ash Stabilized Marine Clay. Minerals 2020, 10, 796. Ekinci, A.; Hanafi, M.; Aydin, E. Strength, Stiffness, and Microstructure of Wood-Ash Stabilized Marine Clay. Minerals 2020, 10, 796.
Abstract
The world’s population is growing at a rapid pace, thus increasing the need for shelter, which, because of increased carbon emissions, is making our planet less inhabitable. Thus, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used to reduce the embodied carbon emissions in the building sector. Wood ash, as a replacement for cement in soil treatment, seems to be a promising material. In this study, we considered the strength, stiffness, and microstructural behavior of marine clay treated with cement and wood ash as a cement replacement. Since clay is abundant in nature, it could help stabilize waste to improve the mechanical behavior of produced composites. Portland cement (7%, 10%, and 13%) was replaced with various amount of wood ash (5% and 10%) with two different dry densities (1400 and 1600 kg/m3) and three distinct curing periods (7, 28, and 60 days). Unconfined compressive strength, direct shear, porosity, pulse velocity, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy tests were performed on selected specimens to evaluate the structural and microstructural effect of clay–wood ash–cement interaction. The results revealed that the replacement of cement with 5% of wood ash yielded superior performance. The microstructure investigation of wood ash–cement–clay blends further showed the formation of a densified matrix with stable bonds. Furthermore, the porosity and strength properties of blends developed unique relationships, which were further confirmed by other supplementary materials and soils.
Keywords
strength; stiffness; clay; stabilization; microstructure; wood ash; waste
Subject
Engineering, Civil Engineering
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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