PreprintReviewVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Multiparametric Monitoring of Hypnosis and Nociception-Antinociception Balance During General Anesthesia - A New Era in Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Management
Version 1
: Received: 24 November 2020 / Approved: 26 November 2020 / Online: 26 November 2020 (08:35:42 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 23 January 2021 / Approved: 25 January 2021 / Online: 25 January 2021 (17:02:57 CET)
Rogobete, A.F.; Bedreag, O.H.; Papurica, M.; Popovici, S.E.; Bratu, L.M.; Rata, A.; Barsac, C.R.; Maghiar, A.; Garofil, D.N.; Negrea, M.; Petcu, L.B.; Toma, D.; Dumbuleu, C.M.; Rimawi, S.; Sandesc, D. Multiparametric Monitoring of Hypnosis and Nociception-Antinociception Balance during General Anesthesia—A New Era in Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Management. Medicina 2021, 57, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020132
Rogobete, A.F.; Bedreag, O.H.; Papurica, M.; Popovici, S.E.; Bratu, L.M.; Rata, A.; Barsac, C.R.; Maghiar, A.; Garofil, D.N.; Negrea, M.; Petcu, L.B.; Toma, D.; Dumbuleu, C.M.; Rimawi, S.; Sandesc, D. Multiparametric Monitoring of Hypnosis and Nociception-Antinociception Balance during General Anesthesia—A New Era in Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Management. Medicina 2021, 57, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020132
Rogobete, A.F.; Bedreag, O.H.; Papurica, M.; Popovici, S.E.; Bratu, L.M.; Rata, A.; Barsac, C.R.; Maghiar, A.; Garofil, D.N.; Negrea, M.; Petcu, L.B.; Toma, D.; Dumbuleu, C.M.; Rimawi, S.; Sandesc, D. Multiparametric Monitoring of Hypnosis and Nociception-Antinociception Balance during General Anesthesia—A New Era in Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Management. Medicina 2021, 57, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020132
Rogobete, A.F.; Bedreag, O.H.; Papurica, M.; Popovici, S.E.; Bratu, L.M.; Rata, A.; Barsac, C.R.; Maghiar, A.; Garofil, D.N.; Negrea, M.; Petcu, L.B.; Toma, D.; Dumbuleu, C.M.; Rimawi, S.; Sandesc, D. Multiparametric Monitoring of Hypnosis and Nociception-Antinociception Balance during General Anesthesia—A New Era in Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Management. Medicina 2021, 57, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020132
Abstract
Worldwide, an increasing number of patients undergo complex surgeries. With the development of general anesthesia techniques and anesthetic substances, the most complex surgical techniques could be developed. In order to adapt the anesthesia according to the particularities of each patient, it is recommended the multimodal monitoring of these patients. Classically, general anesthesia monitoring consists of the analysis of vital functions and gas exchange. Multimodal monitoring refers to the concomitant monitoring of the degree of hypnosis and the nociceptive-antinociceptive balance. By titrating anesthetic drugs according to these parameters, clinical benefits can be obtained, such as hemodynamic stabilization, reduction of awakening times, reduction of post-operative complications. Also, there is an important impact on the status of inflammation and the redox balance. The purpose of this literature review is to present the most modern multimodal monitoring techniques, respectively to discuss the particularities of each technique.
Keywords
depth of anaeshtesia; multimodal monitoring; entropy; bispectral index; surgical plethismographic index; neurotransmission; general anaesthesia; patient safety.
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.