Version 1
: Received: 19 October 2021 / Approved: 20 October 2021 / Online: 20 October 2021 (17:33:00 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 1 February 2022 / Approved: 7 February 2022 / Online: 7 February 2022 (16:54:52 CET)
Version 3
: Received: 22 May 2022 / Approved: 23 May 2022 / Online: 23 May 2022 (06:01:25 CEST)
Version 4
: Received: 29 March 2023 / Approved: 30 March 2023 / Online: 30 March 2023 (15:26:45 CEST)
Version 5
: Received: 12 August 2024 / Approved: 20 August 2024 / Online: 20 August 2024 (04:35:58 CEST)
How to cite:
Toorians, M. . E.; MacPherson, A.; Davies, T. J. Multi-Host Pathogen Transmission and the Disease-Diversity Relationship. Preprints2021, 2021100295. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0295.v5
Toorians, M. . E.; MacPherson, A.; Davies, T. J. Multi-Host Pathogen Transmission and the Disease-Diversity Relationship. Preprints 2021, 2021100295. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0295.v5
Toorians, M. . E.; MacPherson, A.; Davies, T. J. Multi-Host Pathogen Transmission and the Disease-Diversity Relationship. Preprints2021, 2021100295. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0295.v5
APA Style
Toorians, M. . E., MacPherson, A., & Davies, T. J. (2024). Multi-Host Pathogen Transmission and the Disease-Diversity Relationship. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0295.v5
Chicago/Turabian Style
Toorians, M. . E., Ailene MacPherson and T. Jonathan Davies. 2024 "Multi-Host Pathogen Transmission and the Disease-Diversity Relationship" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0295.v5
Abstract
Disease transmission in wildlife is linked to ecosystem and human health, and host community structure can mediate pathogen spread. Here, we decompose the well-known susceptible-infected (SI) compartmental models of disease transmission for multi-host communities to explore the disease-biodiversity relationship. We examine the parameters involved in interspecific transmission and link them to the multi-host outbreak potential, R0. We partition R0 into its separate elements that can be associated with either the recipient or donating host, and show how this allows us to identify maintenance versus spillover hosts, allowing us to quantify separate stages of spillover into a novel, recipient host. We further suggest that the evolutionary relatedness between donating and recipient host may play a role in the probability a pathogen establishes in a novel species, as illustrated by the observed phylogenetic signal in the host-breadth of multi-host pathogens. We discuss how anthropogenic changes to the environment and wildlife communities, such as the reduction and fragmentation of wildlife habitat, might alter the mode and dynamics of disease transmission. This discussion contributes to the ongoing debate on the relationship between disease incidence and biodiversity. Through a synthesis of classic ecological theory, we illustrate how pathogens can affect host populations through phenomena such as in/direct symbioses, that can save a pathogen from extinction or suppress competing host species, but we highlight how host diversity can simultaneosuly influence the survival and success of the pathogen, suggesting a complex feedback between hosts and parasites in multi-host communities. Our review provides a guide to common derivations of interspecific transmission, and underscores the critical connections between community and disease-ecology.
Biology and Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
