preprints.org > physical sciences > theoretical physics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202207.0399.v70

Preprint Article Version 70 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

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Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of an observer), such as relative spacetime, wave, particle, and force. Despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, an observer’s perspective is always egocentric. Coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or multiple egocentric perspectives do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d₁, d₂, d₃ and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d₁, d₂, d₃ and d₄ = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. An object’s proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER neither competes with nor replaces SR/GR. ER complements SR/GR by adding a holistic view. SR/GR describe an observer’s reality but fail to solve various mysteries. ER describes the master reality ES but excludes the subjective concept of waves. Still, ER solves 15 fundamental mysteries geometrically, such as time’s arrow, the horizon problem, the Hubble constant tension, dark energy, entanglement, and the baryon asymmetry.

spacetime; cosmology; dark energy; quantum mechanics; entanglement; non-locality

Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics

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