1. Introduction and Preliminaries
The generalized hypergeometric function with
r numerator and
s denominator parameters, as the series, reads
where
and
signify the Pochhammer symbol,
, and
for some
. The symbol
is represented by
,
being the familiar Gamma function whose acquainted integral is
In this and other instances, the sets of positive integers, integers, real numbers, and complex numbers will be denoted by
,
,
, and
, respectively. Also let
and
. The series in (
1) converges for all
if
. It is divergent for all
when
, unless at least one numerator parameter is in
in which case (
1) is a polynomial. For the remaining case
, the series converges on the unit circle
under the constraints
and
For the noted particular cases,
is called the (Gauss’s) hypergeometric function and
, which is also denoted by
, is referred to as the confluent (Kummer’s) hypergeometric function.
In 1997, Chaudhry et al. [1, p. 20, Eq. (1.7) ] introduced and explored the
p-extended Beta integral:
from which follows a series of investigations of generalized incomplete gamma functions and their applications (see [
2,
3,
4]; see also [
5]). The
p-extended Beta integral in (
3) is turned out to be connected to the Macdonald, error and Whittaker functions. The case
of (
3) becomes the classical Beta function given by (see, for example, [6, p. 8, Eq. (43)]):
Making use of the subsequent transformation
in which the numerator Beta function is replaced by the
p-extended Beta function in (
3), Chaudhry et al. [
7] introduced the
p-Gauss’s hypergeometric function and the
p-Kummer’s confluent hypergeometric function which are, respectively, given as follows:
and
The functions were studied by Chaudhry et al. [
7], who revealed numerous intriguing identities and formulas. These include integral representations, differentiation properties, Mellin transforms, transformations, recurrence relations, summation formulas, and asymptotic formulas.
Özarslan and Özergin [
8] introduced and investigated the
p-extensions of two variable Appell’s hypergeometric functions
and
and three variable Lauricella’s hypergeometric function
(see, for example, [9, Chapter 1]), among which, the
p-extended
function is recalled:
They [
8] also introduced a new extended Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to present several intriguing generating relations for the
p-Gauss’s hypergeometric function (
6).
Like (
3), the
p-extensions (
6), (
7) and (
8) when
return to Gauss’s hypergeometric function
, the confluent hypergeometric function
and Appell’s hypergeometric function
of two variables, respectively.
Our investigation is primarily motivated by the vast range of potential applications of extended Gauss’s hypergeometric, confluent hypergeometric, and Appell functions in various fields of mathematical, physical, engineering, and statistical sciences (as detailed in [
1,
7,
8]) and the references therein). In this study, we undertake a systematic exploration of the extended Horn’s double hypergeometric function
and extended Exton’s triple hypergeometric functions
. Specifically, we aim to present various integral representations of Euler and Laplace type, as well as certain integral representations involving Bessel and modified Bessel functions, Mellin transform, Laguerre polynomial representation, transformation formula, and recurrence relation. Additionally, we provide a generating function for the
and several bounding inequalities for the
and
.
4. Bounding Inequalities for and
This section explores bounding inequalities for the extended Horn’s double hypergeometric function
and the extended Exton’s triple hypergeometric function
. The first auxiliary lemma is a simple but sharp estimate [23, p. 224, Eq. (5.78)]:
which can be proven by noticing that the function
has the maximum value
at
on the interval
.
The following lemma provides an inequality which is readily verifiable using (
3) and the observation (
60).
Lemma 2.
Let and . Then
Let stand for the set of positive real numbers, both here and in other contexts.
4.1. Bounds for the Extended Functions
The following theorem provides bounding inequalities for the extended Gaussian hypergeometric , the extended Kummer’s confluent hypergeometric , the extended second Appell’s , the extended Horn’s double hypergeometric , and the extended Exton’s triple hypergeomtric function , by using their series representations.
Theorem 14.
Let . Also let the numerator parameters be nonnegative real numbers and the denominator parameters be positive real numbers. Further let the variables be nonnegative real numbers. Then
Each equality of the inequalities holds when .
Proof. We prove only (
62). Applying (
61) to the extended Gaussian hypergeometric function (
6), we have
This proves (
62). The other inequalities can be verified using an argument similar to the one presented in the proof of (
62). However, the specifics are omitted. □
4.2. Bounds Obtained via Integral Representations
In this subsection, we investigate the bounds of the extended Horn’s double hypergeometric function
and extended Exton’s triple hypergeometric function
, which were introduced in
Section 2 and
Section 3, respectively. To accomplish this, we review and recall certain inequalities pertaining to the generalized hypergeometric function, Bessel function, and modified Bessel function as follows:
The following theorem states and proves our second set of findings for bounded inequalities of .
Theorem 15.
The following inequalities hold true:
where
Proof. Applying the estimate (
63) in Theorem 14 to the integral representations (
21) and (
22), respectively, we obtain
Employing Luke’s upper bound (
69) in (
80) gives the following estimate:
Using the first one in (
70) in the first one of
in (
81), we find
which, upon employing (
2) and the following integral formula:
to evaluate the right sided integral, and combining the resulting inequality into (
81), yields the desired inequality (
77).
By utilizing the first Landau’s result ((
72), we can derive the inequality (
78) in a manner similar to obtaining inequality (
77).
Applying the inequality:
to (
76) offers the following inequality:
which gives
Employing (
83) at the second inequality of (
80), using similar process as in the proof of (
77), we get the inequality (
79). The involved details are omitted. □
The following theorem states and proves our third set of findings for bounded inequalities of .
Theorem 16. The following inequalities hold true:
For , , and , , we have
For , , and , , we get
where the first bound needs additional restriction , while the second one needs additional restriction . Also, in view of (9), when , we assume that .
Proof. Here we first see that the estimates of Bessel function in (
71), (73) and (
75) are of the magnitude
where
and
, respectively. Now applying the estimate (
71) in Theorem 14 to the integral representation (
21), denoted by
, gives
Then, choosing
and
, we realize the bounds affiliated to the Minakshisundaram and Szász, the second Landau’s and Olenko’s estimates, respectively, given in Theorem 16. □
Bounding inequalities for can be obtained using an argument similar to the one used in Theorem 15. The following theorem presents the first two results in parallel with those in Theorem 15.
Theorem 17.
The following inequalities hold true:
where
Proof. Applying the estimate (
63) in Theorem 14 to the integral representation (
52), we obtain
Employing Luke’s upper bound (
69) in (
89) gives the following estimate:
Using the first one in (
70) in the first one of
in (
90), we find
which, upon employing (
2) and the following integral formula (
82) to evaluate the right sided integral, and combining the resulting inequality into (
90), yields the desired inequality (
87).
By utilizing the first Landau’s result (
72), we can derive the inequality (
88) in a manner akin to obtaining the inequality (
87). □
5. Concluding Remarks
In 1997, Chaudhry et al. [1, p. 20, Eq. (1.7)] introduced and explored the
p-extended Beta integral (
3) of the classical Beta function (
4). The
p-extended Beta integral (
3) is proved to be connected to the Macdonald, error and Whittaker functions. Since then, a number of such
p-extensions of the hypergeometric function and its various generalizations of one and several variables have been presented and investigated (see, for example, [7], [8], [23]).
This paper explored extensions
(
9) and
(
41) of Horn’s double hypergeometric function
(
10) and Exton’s triple hypergeometric function
(
42), taking into account recent extensions of Euler’s beta function, hypergeometric function, confluent hypergeometric function, two variable Appell’s hypergeometric functions
and
and three variable Lauricella’s hypergeometric function
. Out of the many extended hypergeometric functions (see, for example, [9, Chapters 2 and 3]), the primary rationale for selecting
and
is their comparable extension type (see Remark 3). We presented various integral representations of Euler and Laplace type, Mellin transforms, Laguerre polynomial representation, transformation formulae and a recurrence relation for the extended functions. In particular, we provided a generating function for the
and several bounding inequalities for the
and
.
We conclude this paper by providing a differential equation and posing a question as follows: