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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Type of nano-material | Nanoparticle | Particle size (nm) | Shape | Mode of action | Target bacteria | Factors affecting antimicrobial activity | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organic | Chitosan | 200 nm | Spherical, distinct & regular shape |
|
|
Concentration, pH | [93,94] |
Quaternary Phosphonium or Sulfonium Groups | 1-100 nm | Polymorphic shape |
|
|
Particle size Shape |
[95,96] | |
Poly-ε- lysine | 1-100 nm | Star shape |
|
|
Particle size Concentration |
[97,98] | |
Quaternary ammonium compounds |
1-100 nm | Spherical shape |
|
|
Particle size Concentration |
[98,99] | |
Inorganic | Silver nanoparticle | 5-100 nm | Sphere, Disk or Triangular shape |
|
|
Morphology | [100,101,102,103] |
Gold nanoparticle | 1-100 nm | Spherical, star and flower-shaped |
|
|
Particle size | [104,105,106] | |
Copper nanoparticle | 2- 350 nm | Spherical-mono-dispersed shape |
|
|
Particle size Concentration |
[107,108] | |
Zinc oxide NP | 1-100 nm | Spherical, rods, needles, and platelets shaped |
|
|
Particle size Concentration Morphology |
[109,110,111] | |
Magnesium oxide NP | 15-100 nm | Spherical and crystalline structure |
|
|
Particle size Concentration pH |
[112,113] | |
Titanium oxide NP | 30-45 nm | Spherical |
|
|
Particle size Stability Concentration |
[114,115] | |
Iron Oxide | 10-20 nm | Rod and Spherical shaped |
|
|
Particle size | [116,117] | |
Carbon Based | Carbon nano tubes | 1-100 nm | Spiral or Rod shape |
|
|
Particle size Intrinsic properties |
[118,119] |
Graphene nanoparticles | 12 nm | ellipsoid shape |
|
|
Particle size Particle shape |
[120,121] | |
Fullerenes | 200 nm | Ball-shape |
|
|
Particle size | [122,123] | |
Composite |
Metal matrix | 1-100 nm | Rod, Peanut, Star shaped |
|
|
Particle size | [124,125] |
Polymer matrix | 5-100 nm | Spherical, Rod shaped |
|
|
Depend on medium content | [126,127] | |
Ceramic matrix | 1-100 nm | Cylindrical shapes |
|
|
Particle size | [128,129] |
S.no. | Country | Organizations | Role |
---|---|---|---|
1. | India | National action Plan (NAP) https://iica.nic.in/sob_nap.aspx |
Implementation of a comprehensive and multi-sectorial NAP with a coordinated body, an operational strategy, and the creation of a monitoring system. |
2. | National centre for diseases control (NCDC) https://ncdc.gov.in |
In collaboration with the State Governments, disease surveillance facilitates the prevention and control of communicable diseases. | |
3. | Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network (AMRSN) http://www.carss.cn |
Collect evidence and identify trends and patterns of drug-resistant diseases. | |
4. | Food safety and standard authority of India (FSSAI) |
Collect and compile data on food consumption, contaminants in food and food product, identification of developing risks, and the implementation of a quick warning system. | |
5. | Taiwan | Taiwan centers for diseases control https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En |
Strengthening surveillance system, conduct hospital accreditation, run stewardship program. |
6. | Infection control society of Taiwan https://nics.org.tw/ |
Formulating recommendations, engage in infection control activities in response to the government health policies. | |
7. | The infectious disease society of Taiwan (IDST) http://www.idsroc.org.tw/ |
Formation of rules and contributions in the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance. | |
8. | Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART) |
Monitor the in vitro resistance of clinically important bacteria obtained from Taiwanese hospitals. | |
9. | U.S.A. | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) https://www.fda.gov/ | Ensures public health through safeguarding the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices. |
10. | National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) https://www.cdc.gov/narms/index.html |
Tracks changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of select foodborne enteric bacteria found in ill people, retail meats, and food animals | |
11. | Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) https://www.paho.org/en/together-fight-antimicrobial-resistance | Fostering strategic collaborations among Member States and other partners to promote health equity, fight against diseases, and enhance the quality of life and lifespan | |
12. | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/ |
As the nation’s health protection agency, CDC saves lives and protects people from health threats | |
13. | Europe | European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) https://www.ecdc. europa.eu/en/ |
Play a crucial role in increasing awareness among political leaders, public health officials, the scientific community, and the general public. |
14. | Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net) https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/ |
Provide baseline endemic infection rates by conducting surveillance. | |
15. | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/antimicrobial-resistance.htm | Promote policies that cultivate prosperity, equality, opportunity, and well-being for everyone. | |
16. | Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) https://www.jpiamr.eu/ | Establish connections between research networks, research institutes/centers, and collaborate on implementing research focused on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) using a "One Health" approach. |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Submitted:
19 May 2023
Posted:
22 May 2023
You are already at the latest version
A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
19 May 2023
Posted:
22 May 2023
You are already at the latest version
Type of nano-material | Nanoparticle | Particle size (nm) | Shape | Mode of action | Target bacteria | Factors affecting antimicrobial activity | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organic | Chitosan | 200 nm | Spherical, distinct & regular shape |
|
|
Concentration, pH | [93,94] |
Quaternary Phosphonium or Sulfonium Groups | 1-100 nm | Polymorphic shape |
|
|
Particle size Shape |
[95,96] | |
Poly-ε- lysine | 1-100 nm | Star shape |
|
|
Particle size Concentration |
[97,98] | |
Quaternary ammonium compounds |
1-100 nm | Spherical shape |
|
|
Particle size Concentration |
[98,99] | |
Inorganic | Silver nanoparticle | 5-100 nm | Sphere, Disk or Triangular shape |
|
|
Morphology | [100,101,102,103] |
Gold nanoparticle | 1-100 nm | Spherical, star and flower-shaped |
|
|
Particle size | [104,105,106] | |
Copper nanoparticle | 2- 350 nm | Spherical-mono-dispersed shape |
|
|
Particle size Concentration |
[107,108] | |
Zinc oxide NP | 1-100 nm | Spherical, rods, needles, and platelets shaped |
|
|
Particle size Concentration Morphology |
[109,110,111] | |
Magnesium oxide NP | 15-100 nm | Spherical and crystalline structure |
|
|
Particle size Concentration pH |
[112,113] | |
Titanium oxide NP | 30-45 nm | Spherical |
|
|
Particle size Stability Concentration |
[114,115] | |
Iron Oxide | 10-20 nm | Rod and Spherical shaped |
|
|
Particle size | [116,117] | |
Carbon Based | Carbon nano tubes | 1-100 nm | Spiral or Rod shape |
|
|
Particle size Intrinsic properties |
[118,119] |
Graphene nanoparticles | 12 nm | ellipsoid shape |
|
|
Particle size Particle shape |
[120,121] | |
Fullerenes | 200 nm | Ball-shape |
|
|
Particle size | [122,123] | |
Composite |
Metal matrix | 1-100 nm | Rod, Peanut, Star shaped |
|
|
Particle size | [124,125] |
Polymer matrix | 5-100 nm | Spherical, Rod shaped |
|
|
Depend on medium content | [126,127] | |
Ceramic matrix | 1-100 nm | Cylindrical shapes |
|
|
Particle size | [128,129] |
S.no. | Country | Organizations | Role |
---|---|---|---|
1. | India | National action Plan (NAP) https://iica.nic.in/sob_nap.aspx |
Implementation of a comprehensive and multi-sectorial NAP with a coordinated body, an operational strategy, and the creation of a monitoring system. |
2. | National centre for diseases control (NCDC) https://ncdc.gov.in |
In collaboration with the State Governments, disease surveillance facilitates the prevention and control of communicable diseases. | |
3. | Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network (AMRSN) http://www.carss.cn |
Collect evidence and identify trends and patterns of drug-resistant diseases. | |
4. | Food safety and standard authority of India (FSSAI) |
Collect and compile data on food consumption, contaminants in food and food product, identification of developing risks, and the implementation of a quick warning system. | |
5. | Taiwan | Taiwan centers for diseases control https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En |
Strengthening surveillance system, conduct hospital accreditation, run stewardship program. |
6. | Infection control society of Taiwan https://nics.org.tw/ |
Formulating recommendations, engage in infection control activities in response to the government health policies. | |
7. | The infectious disease society of Taiwan (IDST) http://www.idsroc.org.tw/ |
Formation of rules and contributions in the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance. | |
8. | Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART) |
Monitor the in vitro resistance of clinically important bacteria obtained from Taiwanese hospitals. | |
9. | U.S.A. | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) https://www.fda.gov/ | Ensures public health through safeguarding the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices. |
10. | National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) https://www.cdc.gov/narms/index.html |
Tracks changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of select foodborne enteric bacteria found in ill people, retail meats, and food animals | |
11. | Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) https://www.paho.org/en/together-fight-antimicrobial-resistance | Fostering strategic collaborations among Member States and other partners to promote health equity, fight against diseases, and enhance the quality of life and lifespan | |
12. | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/ |
As the nation’s health protection agency, CDC saves lives and protects people from health threats | |
13. | Europe | European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) https://www.ecdc. europa.eu/en/ |
Play a crucial role in increasing awareness among political leaders, public health officials, the scientific community, and the general public. |
14. | Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net) https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/ |
Provide baseline endemic infection rates by conducting surveillance. | |
15. | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/antimicrobial-resistance.htm | Promote policies that cultivate prosperity, equality, opportunity, and well-being for everyone. | |
16. | Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) https://www.jpiamr.eu/ | Establish connections between research networks, research institutes/centers, and collaborate on implementing research focused on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) using a "One Health" approach. |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Amarpreet Brar
et al.
Nanomaterials,
2022
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et al.
JFB,
2022
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et al.
Nanomaterials,
2021
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