Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
In vitro Embryogenesis and Gastrulation using Stem Cells
Version 1
: Received: 2 August 2023 / Approved: 3 August 2023 / Online: 3 August 2023 (07:16:46 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Oh, S.Y.; Na, S.B.; Kang, Y.K.; Do, J.T. In Vitro Embryogenesis and Gastrulation Using Stem Cells in Mice and Humans. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13655. Oh, S.Y.; Na, S.B.; Kang, Y.K.; Do, J.T. In Vitro Embryogenesis and Gastrulation Using Stem Cells in Mice and Humans. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13655.
Abstract
During early embryonic development, fertilized one-cell embryos develop into preimplantation blastocysts and subsequently establish three germ layers through gastrulation during post-implantation development. In recent years, stem cells have emerged as a powerful tool to study embryogenesis and gastrulation without the need for eggs, allowing the generation of embryo-like structures known as synthetic embryos or embryoids. These in vitro models closely resemble early embryos in terms of morphology and gene expression and provide a faithful recapitulation of early pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. Synthetic embryos can be generated through a combinatorial culture of three blastocyst-derived stem cell types, such as embryonic stem cells, trophoblast stem cells, and extraembryonic endoderm cells, or totipotent-like stem cells alone. This review provides an overview of the progress and various approaches in studying in vitro embryogenesis and gastrulation using stem cells. Furthermore, recent findings and breakthroughs in synthetic embryos and gastruloids are outlined. Despite ethical considerations, synthetic embryo models hold promise for understanding mammalian (including human) embryonic development and have potential implications for regenerative medicine and developmental research.
Keywords
Synthetic embryo; embryogenesis; gastrulation; Stem cells
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comments (0)
We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.
Leave a public commentSend a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment