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Version 4
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Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy
Version 1
: Received: 13 September 2023 / Approved: 14 September 2023 / Online: 15 September 2023 (05:29:05 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 21 September 2023 / Approved: 22 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (04:57:15 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 3 October 2023 / Approved: 3 October 2023 / Online: 3 October 2023 (10:47:48 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 5 January 2024 / Approved: 5 January 2024 / Online: 5 January 2024 (15:40:05 CET)
Version 5 : Received: 20 May 2024 / Approved: 21 May 2024 / Online: 21 May 2024 (17:22:12 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 21 September 2023 / Approved: 22 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (04:57:15 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 3 October 2023 / Approved: 3 October 2023 / Online: 3 October 2023 (10:47:48 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 5 January 2024 / Approved: 5 January 2024 / Online: 5 January 2024 (15:40:05 CET)
Version 5 : Received: 20 May 2024 / Approved: 21 May 2024 / Online: 21 May 2024 (17:22:12 CEST)
How to cite: Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints 2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v4 Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints 2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v4
Abstract
Dark energy and dark matter are described as different manifestations of vacuum energy using a newly developed framework of Extra Dimensional Symmetry (EDS) that doubles large spatial dimensions with microscopic partners. In this framework, the bare vacuum energy component exists in a gravitationally dark state where actual gravitational constant Go = 0G, while real particles oscillate between this inert state and an active state where Go = 2G. A small component of vacuum energy is constrained to exist in the gravitationally active state as dark energy due to energy density constraint and speed limit asymmetry determined by an asymmetry parameter . Furthermore, neutrinos induce small component of the gravitational constant in the dark state within a volume of space described by the wavelength, enabling the gravitation of virtual particles which manifests as dark matter. The resulting has oscillating light and heavy terms. The heavy term is usually inactive due to its suppression by negative pressure and becomes active for a lifetime once shear stress exceeds negative pressure threshold. This results in a light form of dark matter and a heavy form of dark matter that is detectable through its increased gravitational interaction and resulting acceleration.
Keywords
dark energy; dark matter; extra dimension; gravity; neutrino; vacuum energy
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Commenter: Kabir Umar
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