Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction as a Protective Agent against Blue Light Induced Oxidative Stress and Melanogenesis in B16-F1 Melanocytes

Version 1 : Received: 27 September 2023 / Approved: 27 September 2023 / Online: 27 September 2023 (06:32:14 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Neo, J.R.E.; Teo, C.W.L.; Ung, Y.W.; Yap, W.N. Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Stress and Melanogenesis in B16-F1 Melanocytes via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Tyrosinase Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15373. Neo, J.R.E.; Teo, C.W.L.; Ung, Y.W.; Yap, W.N. Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Stress and Melanogenesis in B16-F1 Melanocytes via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Tyrosinase Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15373.

Abstract

Our skin is constantly exposed to blue light (BL), which is abundant in sunlight and emitted by digital devices. Prolonged exposure to BL can lead to oxidative stress-induced damages and skin hyperpigmentation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on BL-induced oxidative stress and hyperpigmentation in B16-F1 melanocytes. Alpha-tocopherol (αTP) was used as a comparator. Our results showed that TRF effectively suppressed the formation of reactive oxygen species, and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, TRF exhibited anti-apoptotic properties by reducing the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase molecule and downregulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, TRF modulated tyrosinase activity, resulting in a lowered rate of melanogenesis and reduced melanin production. In contrast, αTP did not exhibit the significant protective effects against skin damages and pigmentation in BL-induced B16-F1 cells. Therefore, this study indicates that TRF may offer superior protective effects over αTP against the effects of BL on melanocytes. These findings demonstrate the potential of TRF as a protective natural active against BL-induced skin damages and hyperpigmentation via its antioxidative and anti-melanogenic properties.

Keywords

Blue light; Oxidative stress; Pigmentation; Tocotrienol-rich fraction; Antioxidant; Anti-melanogenesis; Melanocyte

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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