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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
18 October 2023
Posted:
19 October 2023
You are already at the latest version
Motivation | Support/Precursors | ALD Temperature/Thickness | Bacteria / IIRADIATION | Results | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibacterial coatings for purifying water | Si / TiCl4/ H2O | 100, 200, 300 °C / 50 nm | E. coli /UV irradiation | Increasing ALD temperature from 200°C to 300°C improves TiO2 photocatalytic activity but does not have an impact on antibacterial activity. E. coli survival: 200°C – 61%, 300°C – 66% | [48] |
Study the effect of coatings with different morphology and structure on osteoblast, fibroblast functions and bacterial activities | Ti/ TDMAT/ H2O | 120,160, 190 °C /100nm | S. aureus, E. coli, MRSA | TiO2 inhibit adhesion and growth bacteria and fibroblast but improve osteoblasts adhesion and proliferation. The 160 °C sample (amorphous) showed the best antibacterial activity. Increase in nanoscale roughness and greater hydrophilicity contribute to increased protein adsorption, which may affect the cellular/bacterial activities. | [49] |
The study of photocatalitic processess in antibacterial activity TiO2 | Black Si and SiO2 nanopillars /(no data) | No data / 50nm | E. coli | The increase in the light absorption does not lead to an increase in ROS production. TiO2-coated nanopillars arrays made of SiO2 have 73% higher bactericidal efficacies than those made of Si. | [50] |
Study of the synergic effect present in mixed anatase/rutile TiO2 on antibacterial properties | Rutile-TiO2 nanotubes (RTNT) /TDMAT / H2O | 250 °CAnnealing – 450C 2h / 10nm | E. coli /UV light irradiation | Considerable increase in photocatalytic activity and ROS generation using RTNT coated with anatase-TiO2 compared to only rutile or anatase. Considerable increase in bactericidal activity using RTNT coated with A-TiO2 compared to single R or A-TiO2 nanotubes | [45] |
Surface coating of nanoporous Al2O3 for controlled pore size reduction | Porous Al2O3 membranes / TiCl4/H2O | 300 °C/ 4.3 and 8.6 nm | S. aureus, E. coli,UV irradiation | 20 nm pore size TiO2-coated nanoporous alumina membrane inhibited microbial adhesion while the 100 nm pore size TiO2-coated membrane did not. | [51] |
Examine the efficiency of a bacteria-resistant coating for the PDMS cochlear implants | PDMS1 / TDMAT/O2 plasma | 100 °C / (10–40 nm) | E. coli | TiO2-coated surfaces save the integrity of polymeric materials and reduce E. coli colonization and biofilm formation with protein quantity on ALD- and LPD treated samples being reduced by 44 and 41% (BCA).CLSM - biofilm reduction of 91 and 89% for ALD- and LPD-coated surfaces | [52] |
Studies of antibacterial properties of TiO2 deposited on polymers used for catheters and contact lenses | PU and PDMS/TiCl4/H2O | 80 °C/ 50-200nm | Candida albicansUV and without UV | TiO2 suppressed the yeast hyphal transition of C. albicans onto PU+TiO2, however, a high adhesion of C. albicans was observed. For PDMS+TiO2 substrate, the yeast adhesion did not change, as observed in control. After UV treatment TiO2+PDMS had better reduction in CFU (up to 59.5%) compare to uncoated PDMS, while no difference was observed to TiO2-covered PU | [29] |
Improve the surface characteristics of denture PMMA | PMMA/ TDMAT/O3 | 65 °C / 30 nm | Candidaalbicans | The Candida albicans reduction reached 63% to 77% for the attachment test and 56% for biofilm formation. | [53] |
Support/ALD Conditions | Characteristics | Bacteria | Results | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2 nanotubes 10-84 nm / 25 cycles of PEALD Ag(fod)(PEt3)1 +H2, 120 oC | 7.8–9.2 nm dispersed Ag particles and dense Ag layer | S. aureus | Low level of Ag+ releasing The sample with the smallest nanotube diameter and a continuous layer of Ag showed the best bactericidal results. | [102] |
3d Ti scaffolds / direct liquid injection of 0.1M (hfac)Ag(1,5-COD)2 in toluene and propan-1-ol. 500 ALD cycles (125 °C) | Effective layer - 13 nm (NPs 40-90nm diameter) | S. aureus (MRSA) S. epidermidis. | On bare titanium scaffolds, S. epidermidis growth was slow but on Ag-coated were significant further reductions (2 order of inhibition) in both bacterial recovery and biofilm formation. MRSA growth was similarly slow on bare titanium and not further affected by Ag coating. | [122] |
3d Ti scaffolds / direct liquid injection 0.1M (hfac)Ag(1,5-COD) in toluene and propan-1-ol. 500 ALD cycles (125 °C) | Average NPs 49nm in diameter | In vivo - implants in rat tibial defects | No effect of Ag on bone formation and osseointegration after 2−12 weeks of implantation. Ag is a part of less toxic Ag2S within the newly formed bone tissue adjacent to the implant surface | [27] |
Ti / ALD TiO2 (TiCl4+H2O)+Ag (Ag(fod)(PEt3) +H2) | 20–28 nm on Si16–30 nm on Ti | S. aureus | The ALD combination of TiO2+Ag is significantly more active against S. aureus than pure TiO2 and Ag | [57] |
N95 medical mask (PP, polyester) / Ag(fod)(PEt3) + (CH3)2NH*BH3 | 16 nm | S. aureus | 76% reduction in S. aureus CFU was observed after 24h. At early stage (2h) Ag had no bactericidal effect | [123] |
Characteristics | TiO2 | Doped TiO2 | ZnO | Ag | ZrO2 | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibacterial efficacy | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | 0 | + | 0 |
Biocompatibility | +++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | + | + |
ALD temperature | From 65°С | From 65°С | From RT | 120 - 160°C | ~200°С | ~180°С | From RT |
Growth rate, uniformity and conformality | ++ | ++ | +++ | + | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Morphology of the coating | Dense coating | Dense coating | Dense nanocrystalline coating | NPs | Dense coating | Dense coating | Dense coating |
Stability in aqueous environment | +++ | ++ | + | + | +++ | + | +++ |
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