PreprintArticleVersion 2Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Electrical-Quantum Modelling of the Neutron and Proton as a Three-Phase Alternating Current Electrical Generator. Determination of the Number of Quarks-Antiquarks-Gluons and Gravitons, Inside a Neutron
Version 1
: Received: 30 October 2023 / Approved: 31 October 2023 / Online: 31 October 2023 (12:27:06 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 30 March 2024 / Approved: 1 April 2024 / Online: 1 April 2024 (13:28:53 CEST)
How to cite:
Gerardo Flores, H.; Gonçalves de Souza, M. I. Electrical-Quantum Modelling of the Neutron and Proton as a Three-Phase Alternating Current Electrical Generator. Determination of the Number of Quarks-Antiquarks-Gluons and Gravitons, Inside a Neutron. Preprints2023, 2023102076. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2076.v2
Gerardo Flores, H.; Gonçalves de Souza, M. I. Electrical-Quantum Modelling of the Neutron and Proton as a Three-Phase Alternating Current Electrical Generator. Determination of the Number of Quarks-Antiquarks-Gluons and Gravitons, Inside a Neutron. Preprints 2023, 2023102076. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2076.v2
Gerardo Flores, H.; Gonçalves de Souza, M. I. Electrical-Quantum Modelling of the Neutron and Proton as a Three-Phase Alternating Current Electrical Generator. Determination of the Number of Quarks-Antiquarks-Gluons and Gravitons, Inside a Neutron. Preprints2023, 2023102076. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2076.v2
APA Style
Gerardo Flores, H., & Gonçalves de Souza, M. I. (2024). Electrical-Quantum Modelling of the Neutron and Proton as a Three-Phase Alternating Current Electrical Generator. Determination of the Number of Quarks-Antiquarks-Gluons and Gravitons, Inside a Neutron. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2076.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gerardo Flores, H. and Maria Isabel Gonçalves de Souza. 2024 "Electrical-Quantum Modelling of the Neutron and Proton as a Three-Phase Alternating Current Electrical Generator. Determination of the Number of Quarks-Antiquarks-Gluons and Gravitons, Inside a Neutron" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2076.v2
Abstract
Here we will electrically-quantum model the neutron and proton as a three-phase alternating current electric generator, for this, we will use the theory of three-phase electric generators and vector or phasor diagrams. We will use this model to hypothesize how the quarks that form neutrons and protons with a combined mass of 10 MeV/c², can generate, through quarks-antiquarks-gluon interactions, a mass of 939.56 MeV/c² for the neutron and a mass of 938.27 MeV/c² for the proton. Using quantum mechanics and the theory of the generalization of the Boltzmann constant in curved space-time we will calculate the number of quarks-antiquarks-gluons and gravitons inside a neutron. We will also analyse βˉ decay using vector diagrams, we will calculate the tension of the string T₀ and the length of the string ℓs between quarks-antiquark and finally, we will model a black hole using a neutron equivalent model. In version 2 of this article, we will update the vector diagrams of the βˉ decay and theoretically calculate the energy of the W⁻ boson, the Z⁰ boson, and the Θ angle, Θ = arc cos (W⁻/Z⁰). We will demonstrate, through vector diagrams, that quarks-antiquarks-gluon interactions are the cause of the origin of the W⁻ boson and the Z⁰ boson. We will also demonstrate how the fine structure constant α originates. It is important to make clear, in future updates, we will describe the relationship that exists between the theory described in this paper and the Isospin theory, flavour and colour theory
Keywords
RLC electrical model; RC electrical model; cosmology; astronomy; astrophysics; background radiation; Hubble’s law; Boltzmann´s constant; dark energy; dark matter; black hole; Big Bang; cosmic inflation; early universe; quantum gravity; CERN; LHC; Fermilab; general relativity; particle physics; condensed matter physics; M theory; super string theory; extra dimensions
Subject
Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.