2.1. CHP System

2.2. Ground Source Heat Pump

2.3. Fine Energy Storage Equipment

3.1. Electric Load Demand Response

3.2. Heat Load Demand Response

4.1. Uncertain Scene Selection

4.2. CVaR Overview

4.3. Objective Function

• O&M costs;

• The O&M costs consist of the operation and maintenance costs of controllable units, new energy units and energy storage equipment, which are expressed as follows:

  $$C_{\mathrm{w}}^S(t)={\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^K{P}_{\mathrm{a}}^{{ }_S}(t)W_{\mathrm{a}}}+{\displaystyle \sum _{j=1}^{N_1}{P}_{\mathrm{b}}^{{ }_S}(t)W_{\mathrm{b}}}+{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{N_2}\left|P_{\mathrm{ES},\mathrm{n}}^{{ }_S}(t)\right|}{W}_{\mathrm{n}}$$

  (22)
• Where: $P_{\mathrm{a}}^{{ }_S}(t)$, $P_{\mathrm{b}}^{{ }_S}(t)$, $P_{\mathrm{ES},\mathrm{n}}^{{ }_S}(t)$ are the output power per unit O&M cost of controllable unit a, renewable energy machine b and energy storage device n at moment t under scenario S, and $W_{\mathrm{a}}$ , $W_{\mathrm{b}}$ , $W_{\mathrm{n}}$ are the unit O&M cost per unit of controllable unit a, renewable energy machine b and energy storage device n at moment t under scenario S, respectively.

• Electricity Interaction Costs;

3.

The cost of electricity interaction represents the sum of the cost of electricity purchased by the RIES from the main grid and the benefit of electricity sold to the main grid, expressed as follows:

4.

$$C_{\mathrm{grid}}^S(t)=L_{{ }_{\mathrm{g}}}^{ }(t)·\max \{P_{{ }_{\mathrm{d}}}^S(t),0\}-L_{\mathrm{s}}^{ }(t)·\max \{-P_{\mathrm{d}}^S(t),0\}$$

(23)

5.

Where: $L_{{ }_{\mathrm{g}}}^{ }(t)$ and $L_{\mathrm{s}}^{ }(t)$ represent the prices at which the grid makes power purchases and sells power at moment t, respectively; $P_{{ }_{\mathrm{d}}}^S(t)$ denotes the power on the contact line of the grid at moment t under scenario S, which is greater than 0 for power purchases and less than 0 for power sales.

• Environmental costs;

6.

The environmental costs represent the GHG emissions emitted during the operation of the controllable units and the GHG treatment costs caused by purchasing electricity from the main grid, which are specified as follows:

$$C_{\mathrm{e}}^S(t)={\displaystyle \sum _{m=1}^{\mathrm{M}}{\lambda }_m[E_m{P}_{\mathrm{a}}^S(t)+E_m{P}_{\mathrm{d},\mathrm{b}}^S(t)]}$$

(24)

7.

Where: $P_{\mathrm{d},\mathrm{b}}^S(t)$ is the power purchased by the system at moment t under scenario S; Em and λm are the share coefficient of the mth greenhouse gas and the treatment cost, respectively; and M is the type of greenhouse gas.

• Wind abandonment costs;

8.

The cost of maintaining the wind turbine system during the period of wind abandonment is the cost of wind abandonment, which is expressed as follows:

$$C_{\mathrm{wt}}^S(t)=P_{\mathrm{wt}}^S(t)D_{\mathrm{wt}}$$

(25)

9.

Where: $P_{\mathrm{wt}}^S(t)$and $D_{\mathrm{wt}}$ are the abandoned wind power and unit abandoned wind cost at moment t under scenario S, respectively.

• Cost of gas purchases;

10.

The cost of purchasing gas for the CHP system is the cost of purchasing gas, which is specifically expressed as:

11.

$$C_{\mathrm{fu}}^S(t)=\frac{P_{\mathrm{a}}^S(t)}{{\beta }_{\mathrm{G}}}·\frac{\mathsf{\Delta }t}{L_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4}}{D}_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4}$$

(26)

12.

Where: $L_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4}$ and $D_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4}$ are the average calorific value and gas price of the gas, respectively.

4.4. Restrictive Condition

• Electrical and thermal power balance constraints;

  $$\left\{\begin{array}{r}{K}_{{ }_{\mathrm{load},\mathrm{e}}}^{ }(t)+P_{{ }_{\mathrm{lh}}}^S(t)=P_{{ }_{\mathrm{GT}}}^S(t)+P_{\mathrm{WT}}^S(t)+\\ P_{{ }_{\mathrm{d}}}^S(t)+P_{{ }_{\mathrm{PV}}}^S(t)+P_{{ }_{\mathrm{IES}}}^S(t)\\ P_{{ }_{\mathrm{l},\mathrm{h}}}^S(t)=P_{\mathrm{BC},\mathrm{h}}^S(t)+P_{{ }_{\mathrm{lp},\mathrm{h}}}^S(t)+H_{\mathrm{in}}^S(t)\end{array}\right.$$

  (27)

• Controllable unit operating constraints;

  $$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{P}_{\mathrm{a},\min }\le P_{{ }_{\mathrm{a}}}^S(t)\le P_{\mathrm{a},\max }\\ -{\lambda }_{i,\min }\mathsf{\Delta }t\le P_{{ }_{\mathrm{a}}}^S(t)-P_{{ }_{\mathrm{a}}}^S(t-1)\le {\lambda }_{\mathrm{i},\max }\mathsf{\Delta }t\end{array}\right.$$

  (28)

• Interactive power constraints with the higher grid;

  $$P_{\mathrm{d},\min }\le P_{{ }_{\mathrm{d}}}^S(t)\le P_{\mathrm{d},\max }$$

  (29)

• Wind power output constraints

  $$\left\{\begin{array}{l}0\le P_{\mathrm{WT}}^S(t)\le P_{\mathrm{ut}}^S(t)\\ \frac{P_{\mathrm{WT}}^S(t)}{P_{\mathrm{ut}}^S(t)}\le h_{\mathrm{ut}}\end{array}\right.$$

  (30)

• Energy storage device constraints

  $$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{P}_{{ }_{\min }}^S(t)\le P_{{ }_{\mathrm{IES}}}^S(t)\le P_{{ }_{{ }_{\max }}}^S(t)\\ E_{{ }_{\min }}^S(t)\le E_{{ }_{\mathrm{IES}}}^S(t)\le E_{\max }^S(t)\\ E_{{ }_{\mathrm{IES}}}^S(0)=E_{{ }_{\mathrm{IES}}}^S(24)\end{array}\right.$$

  (31)

• Electric load demand response constraints

  $$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\displaystyle \sum _{t=1}^{24}{K}_{\mathrm{up}}^S(t)}={\displaystyle \sum _{t=1}^{24}{K}_{\mathrm{down}}^S(t)}\\ 0\le K_{\mathrm{up}}^S(t)\le {\delta }_{\mathrm{up}}·K_{{ }_{\mathrm{load},\mathrm{e}}}^{ }(t)\\ 0\le K_{\mathrm{up}}^S(t)\le {\delta }_{\mathrm{down}}·K_{{ }_{\mathrm{load},\mathrm{e}}}^{ }(t)\end{array}\right.$$

  (32)

5.1. Parameterization

5.2. Optimized Operation Results and Analysis

5.3. Analysis of the Effect of Weighting Coefficients on the Results of RIES Scheduling