Saxe, H.J.; Walawage, S.; Balan, B.; Leslie, C.A.; Brown, P.J.; Browne, G.T.; Kluepfel, D.A.; Westphal, A.; Dandekar, A.M. Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 931.
Saxe, H.J.; Walawage, S.; Balan, B.; Leslie, C.A.; Brown, P.J.; Browne, G.T.; Kluepfel, D.A.; Westphal, A.; Dandekar, A.M. Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 931.
Saxe, H.J.; Walawage, S.; Balan, B.; Leslie, C.A.; Brown, P.J.; Browne, G.T.; Kluepfel, D.A.; Westphal, A.; Dandekar, A.M. Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 931.
Saxe, H.J.; Walawage, S.; Balan, B.; Leslie, C.A.; Brown, P.J.; Browne, G.T.; Kluepfel, D.A.; Westphal, A.; Dandekar, A.M. Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 931.
Abstract
Crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), crown/root rot (Phytophthora spp.), root lesion disease (Pratylenchus vulnus), and tree vigor are key traits affecting productivity and quality of walnuts in California. Non-inoculated hybrid rootstocks were analyzed by RNA-seq to examine pre-formed factors affecting these traits. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that increased expression of cell wall biogenesis-related genes plays a key role in susceptibility to A. tumefaciens, Phytophthora spp., increased vigor, but not P. vulnus. Analysis of the predicted subcellular loci of the encoded proteins revealed that many gene products associated with vigor and susceptibility were targeted to the plasma membrane and extracellular space, connecting these traits to sustaining barrier function. We observed that RNA processing and splicing, along with predicted nuclear targeting, were associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, Phytophthora spp., low vigor, but not P. vulnus. Four genes within the J. microcarpa QTL region for resistance to A. tumefaciens and Phytophthora spp. were represented among our transcripts, with two of the genes being differentially expressed in association with resistance to A. tumefaciens and decreased vigor. No differential expression related to Phytophthora spp. or P. vulnus traits was observed in this region. Additionally, the J. microcarpa haplotype expressed more transcripts associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, Phytophthora spp., and low vigor, but not P. vulnus than the J. regia haplotype. We also report unique and shared hormone and defense responses associated with each trait. This research suggests a link between cell wall biogenesis, vigor, and critical root diseases of walnut.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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