Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Re-examination of Penrose’s Space-Time Singularity and the Origin of Protons in Astrophysical Jets

Version 1 : Received: 11 December 2023 / Approved: 12 December 2023 / Online: 12 December 2023 (11:21:49 CET)

How to cite: Šorli, S. Re-examination of Penrose’s Space-Time Singularity and the Origin of Protons in Astrophysical Jets. Preprints 2023, 2023120886. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.0886.v1 Šorli, S. Re-examination of Penrose’s Space-Time Singularity and the Origin of Protons in Astrophysical Jets. Preprints 2023, 2023120886. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.0886.v1

Abstract

Penrose’s singularity from 1965 predicted that in the center of the black hole space-time curvature is infinite and consequently gravity force there is infinite. In 2014 NASA measured universal space has Euclidean shape. This means that stellar objects cannot curve universal space and that the space-time singularity model has no physical existence. In the center of black holes energy density of superfluid space is so low that the electromagnetic properties of space are changed. This causes electromagnetic forces between the nucleus and orbiting electrons to become unstable. In the center of a black hole, atoms are falling apart into elementary particles. Black holes are rejuvenating systems of the universe, they transform old matter into fresh energy in the form of elementary particles. Astrophysical jets are the outcome of this process.

Keywords

space-time singularity, astrophysical jets, energy density of superfluid space

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

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