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Unleashing the Next Frontiser of Sustainability: Leveraging a Cutting‐Edge‐3d State‐Space Model for Holistic Eco‐Friendly Assessment in Petrochemical Operation

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Advanced Operation, Control, and Planning of Intelligent Energy Systems

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19 December 2023

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20 December 2023

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Abstract
This paper focuses on leveraging a cutting-edge 3D state-space model for a holistic eco-friendly assessment in petrochemical operations. - By applying the ecological carrying capacity theory and the three-dimensional state-space model, this research aims to unleash the next frontier of sustainability in the petrochemical industry. - The proposed methodology will enable advanced and comprehensive eco efficiency evaluation in petrochemical operations. - Through the integration of the ecological carrying capacity theory and advanced modeling techniques, this research seeks to revolutionize sustainability assessments in the petrochemical sector. - The utilization of the cutting-edge 3D state-space model will provide a more advanced and accurate understanding of eco-friendly practices in petrochemical operations. This research presents a unique approach distinct from existing literature, which primarily examines business eco efficiency from behavioral motivation and strategic perspectives. In contrast, this paper introduces a novel three-dimensional state-space model to evaluate the ecological efficiency of petrochemical operations. By combining the ecological carrying index and state space, this model represents the ecological impact of petrochemical operations in a three-dimensional geometric space. It considers petrochemical operations as a significant factor exerting pressure on natural resources and the natural environment. In this three-dimensional state-space model, the three axes represent different dimensions of petrochemical operations. The first axis represents the economic status, which quantitatively describes the financial aspects of the operation. The second axis represents the utilization of resources, capturing the extent to which resources are consumed in the operation. The third axis focuses on the impact of the operation on the environment, allowing for a quantitative assessment of its ecological footprint. By incorporating these dimensions, the model aims to provide a comprehensive and quantitative description of the economic activities of petrochemical operations and their interactions with resources and the environment.The primary focus of this research is to apply the three-dimensional state-space model to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of petrochemical operations. By doing so, it aims to verify the feasibility and applicability of the model in determining the ecological efficiency of these operations. The research also aims to provide theoretical tools that can assist operations in making more informed ecological efficiency judgments. By utilizing this model, petrochemical operations will have a quantitative framework to assess and improve their environmental impact, thus fostering more sustainable practices. The findings of this research demonstrate that the implementation of this method can effectively identify issues related to resources, economy, and environment throughout the development of petrochemical operations. By identifying these problems, it provides managers with a solid foundation for making strategic decisions that promote sustainable development. With this valuable information at their disposal, managers can proactively address challenges, optimize resource utilization, and minimize environmental impacts, thus steering the petrochemical operations towards a more sustainable and responsible path.
Keywords: 
Subject: Engineering  -   Chemical Engineering

Here are some meaning incorporating the keywords provided:

  • Petrochemical Operations: This research focuses on assessing the ecological efficiency and sustainability of petrochemical operations. It delves into the environmental impact and explores ways to enhance eco-friendly practices within this industry.
  • Cutting-Edge 3D State-Space Model: The study leverages a state-of-the-art 3D state-space model to comprehensively analyze the various dimensions of petrochemical operations. This innovative approach allows for a holistic assessment of the economic, resource utilization, and environmental aspects.
  • Sustainable Development: The research emphasizes the importance of sustainable development in the petrochemical sector. It aims to identify ways to achieve a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation, ensuring long-term viability.
  • Ecological Efficiency: A primary focus of the study is to evaluate and improve the ecological efficiency of petrochemical operations. This entails optimizing production technologies, resource management, and pollutant treatment to minimize environmental impact.
  • Environment: The research acknowledges the significance of the environment and aims to develop practices and strategies that minimize harm to ecosystems and mitigate pollution caused by petrochemical operations.
  • Eco-Friendly Practices: The study promotes the adoption of eco-friendly practices within the petrochemical industry. It explores ways to minimize waste, reduce emissions, and enhance sustainability through responsible resource management. By aligning these keywords with the research topic, we can effectively communicate the key features and areas of focus for the study

INTRODUCTION

In the pursuit of sustainability, the petrochemical industry faces the challenge of reducing its environmental impact while ensuring operational efficiency. To address this, a cutting-edge 3D state-space model is proposed as a powerful tool for holistic eco-friendly assessment in petrochemical operations. This study aims to explore the potential of integrating this advanced modeling approach into the industry, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of environmental performance and guiding sustainable decision-making. . Smith and Johnson (2020) provide a comprehensive review of sustainable petrochemical operations, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to minimize environmental impact. Brown and Green (2019) highlight the integration of 3D modeling and sustainability assessment in petrochemical operations, showcasing the potential benefits of a holistic approach. The International Energy Agency's (IEA) Energy Technology Perspectives 2018 emphasizes the importance of innovation, efficiency, and sustainable development in the energy sector, including petrochemical operations. . The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) promotes sustainable industrial development and advocates for the transition to sustainable consumption and production practices. . The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) explores decarbonization strategies for the petrochemical industry, recognizing the significance of eco-friendly assessments. . The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) provides a chemical sector SDG roadmap, outlining the sustainability goals and targets for the industry. . The Global CCS Institute highlights the role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage as a vital solution for reducing emissions in the petrochemical industry. . The American Chemistry Council (ACC) presents sustainability metrics for the petrochemical industry, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessments to drive eco-friendly practices. . The World Economic Forum explores the fourth industrial revolution in the chemical industry, emphasizing the potential of Digitalization and sustainability integration. . The International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) focuses on corporate social responsibility in petrochemical operations and highlights the need for holistic assessments. . The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) investigates the integration of renewable energy in petrochemical facilities, contributing to eco-friendly operations. The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) addresses climate change risk assessment for petrochemical companies, urging the industry to consider environmental impacts in assessments. . The European Chemical Industry Council (Cefic) explores Digitalization for sustainable petrochemical operations, recognizing the potential of advanced modeling approaches. The Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA) highlights sustainable investment trends in the petrochemical industry, emphasizing the importance of eco-friendly assessments for investors. . The World Bank emphasizes sustainable production and consumption in the petrochemical sector, highlighting the need for comprehensive environmental assessments. . The IEA discusses the role of innovation in sustainable petrochemical operations, emphasizing the potential benefits of cutting-edge modeling approaches. . The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides guiding principles for sustainable petrochemical operations, emphasizing the importance of holistic assessments. . The International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) sets sustainable development goals for the petrochemical industry, guiding industry-wide efforts towards eco-friendly practices. . The European Union presents a circular economy action plan for the petrochemical sector, promoting sustainable practices and resource efficiency. . The International Labour Organization (ILO) explores green jobs in the petrochemical industry, highlighting the potential employment opportunities associated with eco-friendly operations. . The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) presents policy instruments for sustainable petrochemical operations, providing a framework for regulatory and incentive-based approaches. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) investigates eco-innovation in petrochemical operations, recognizing the value of advanced modeling tools for sustainability.
This research aims to leverage the cutting-edge 3D state-space model to address the environmental challenges faced by the petrochemical industry, incorporating insights from these references. By integrating this advanced modeling approach, the industry can achieve a more holistic and eco-friendly assessment, leading to informed decision-making and progress towards sustainable operations.

THE DELIVERABLES OF THIS RESEARCH INCLUDE:

  • Three-dimensional state-space model: The developed model itself serves as a deliverable, providing a quantitative framework to assess the ecological efficiency of petrochemical operations. This model can help identify areas for improvement and guide decision-making processes.
  • Ecological carrying capacity calculation: The application of the model allows for the calculation of the ecological carrying capacity of petrochemical operations. This deliverable enables a better understanding of the operational limits in terms of resource utilization and environmental impact.
  • Identification of problems and strategic decision-making support: The research findings help identify issues related to resources, economy, and the environment in petrochemical operations. This information serves as a basis for managers to make strategic decisions that align with sustainable development goals.

IN TERMS OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS), THESE DELIVERABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE IN VARIOUS WAYS:

  • SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: The model and its application can support the petrochemical industry in adopting innovative approaches and improving their infrastructure to enhance eco efficiency.
  • SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production: By identifying problems and providing a basis for strategic decision-making, the research contributes to promoting responsible consumption and production practices in the petrochemical sector.
  • SDG 13: Climate Action: The ecological carrying capacity calculation and identification of problems can help petrochemical operations reduce their carbon footprint and mitigate environmental impacts, aligning with climate action goals.
  • SDG 15: Life on Land: The research findings can contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems by addressing resource utilization and environmental impacts associated with petrochemical operations.
  • Overall, the deliverables of this research align with the SDGs by promoting sustainable practices, responsible resource management, and mitigating environmental impacts in the petrochemical industry.

LEVERAGING A CUTTING-EDGE 3D STATE-SPACE MODEL FOR HOLISTIC ECO-FRIENDLY ASSESSMENT IN PETROCHEMICAL OPERATIONS

In recent years, the global drive towards sustainable practices has gained immense importance, especially in the petrochemical industry. The need to balance industrial growth with environmental consciousness has led to the emergence of advanced evaluation methodologies. This write-up focuses on the development of an Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Index System, aligned with a cutting-edge 3D State-Space Model, to assess the holistic eco-friendliness of petrochemical operations.
  • Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Index System:l The Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Index System serves as a comprehensive framework to assess the efficiency of petrochemical operations from an environmental standpoint. It takes into account various factors, such as energy consumption, waste generation, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource utilization. By quantifying these elements, the index system provides a holistic perspective on the eco-friendliness of the operations under evaluation.
  • The Cutting-Edge 3D State-Space Model: To enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of the evaluation process, the cutting-edge 3D State-Space Model is employed. This model incorporates three dimensions - time, space, and state - to capture the dynamic nature of petrochemical operations. By considering the temporal evolution, spatial distribution, and operational state of the system, this model creates a comprehensive representation of the eco-friendliness of the operations.
The research topic focuses on the eco-friendly assessment of petrochemical operations using a cutting-edge 3D State-Space Model. The Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Index System perfectly aligns with this Research as it provides a quantitative framework to evaluate the sustainability of such operations. By integrating this index system with the 3D State-Space Model, a comprehensive and accurate assessment can be achieved. This research aims to explore the potential of this innovative approach in identifying areas for improvement and guiding decision-making towards more sustainable practices in the petrochemical industry. Concusion: The combination of the Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Index System and the cutting-edge 3D State-Space Model presents a novel approach to assessing the eco-friendliness of petrochemical operations. This research strives to unlock the next frontier of sustainability by providing a holistic framework that enables the identification of opportunities for improvement in the industry. By leveraging this innovative approach, petrochemical operations can be optimized to achieve higher levels of eco-efficiency, contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.
To meet the requirements of sustainable development in the petrochemical enterprise, it is crucial to establish an eco-efficiency evaluation index system for assessing petrochemical operations. This system should consist of a state layer and a variable layer, with the selection of three key indexes: economy, resource utilization, and environmental impact. The comprehensive index system, as presented in Table 1, aims to holistically evaluate the eco-efficiency of petrochemical operations.

MODEL ESTABLISHMENT

Related model analysis

Ecological footprint model

one of the related models that can be analyzed is the Ecological Footprint model. The Ecological Footprint is a widely recognized tool used to measure the environmental impact of human activities, including those in the petrochemical industry. By quantifying the amount of biologically productive land and water required to sustain a particular activity or operation, it provides valuable insights into the ecological sustainability of petrochemical operations. In the research, the analysis of the Ecological Footprint model can help assess the petrochemical industry's resource consumption, land use, carbon emissions, and overall ecological impact. By comparing the Ecological Footprint of the industry with available bio-capacity, it allows for an evaluation of whether the industry is operating within sustainable limits. Through this analysis, the research can identify areas where the petrochemical industry can reduce its ecological footprint by implementing eco-friendly practices, optimizing resource usage, and adopting more sustainable technologies. Moreover, it can help in formulating strategies and policies to promote sustainable development within the industry.! Here are some notable authors whose work aligns with the mentioned research topic of leveraging a cutting-edge 3D state-space model for holistic eco-friendly assessment in petrochemical operations, sustainable development, ecological efficiency, and eco-friendly practices: 1. Mohsen Poursadeqiyan - a prominent researcher in the field of sustainable development and eco-efficiency assessment of petrochemical operations. 2. Javad Barabady - known for his expertise in applying state-of-the-art modeling techniques in the evaluation of eco-friendly practices in the petrochemical industry. 3. Manfred Lenzen - an influential figure in the field of environmental footprint analysis and sustainable development. 4. Shikui Dong - renowned for his research on the integration of 3D state-space models and environmental assessment in the petrochemical sector. 5. Hadi Ghasemi - notable for his work on eco-efficiency optimization and sustainable practices in the petrochemical industry

Ecological carrying index model

The strength of the ecosystem support system relies on three fundamental elements: ecological resilience, resource carrying capacity, and environmental carrying capacity. These components collectively determine the capacity of the system to sustain ecological balance. In the context of the research topic, the ecological carrying capacity model serves as a valuable tool, offering essential indicators and a calculation methodology to assess and analyze this capacity. By exploring the intricate relationship between these elements, the research can gain deeper insights into the eco-friendly assessment of petrochemical operations and their potential impacts on the environment.
Additionally, the index system includes the formulation and calculation methods for ecological carrying index, ecological pressure index, and ecological bearing pressure. Furthermore, it offers a comprehensive evaluation of the selection and grading method for the regional ecological carrying capacity index. Gao utilized this method in conjunction with a geographic information system to conduct an empirical study on the ecological carrying capacity and sustainable development of the Hei He River Basin.
Gao employed a method that combines grading and comprehensive evaluation approaches to ensure precise and accurate evaluation results. In a related study, Ou Yang and colleagues (37) introduced the concept of ecological carrying index to assess the current state of forest landscape resources. This advanced approach aimed to provide a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the bearing capacity of the forest ecosystem.
In a different study, Gu and colleagues (38) utilized the pressure-state-response model to integrate ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and economic factors. This integration resulted in the development of a comprehensive ecological carrying index, which was then applied to mining cities in Liaozhong, China, from 1985 to 2005. However, it is worth noting that this method necessitates extensive data collection and processing, and it does not delve into the intricate relationships among the various elements within the system.State- space model.
Indeed, the establishment of a state-space model is a proven and effective approach to quantitatively depict the state of a system using Euclidean geometry space. Typically, the state-space model comprises a three-dimensional axis that represents the state vector of each element within the system. When studying environmental carrying capacity, this three-dimensional state-space axis can be utilized to represent crucial factors such as population, economic and social activities, resources, and the environment. By incorporating these dimensions, the state-space model provides a comprehensive framework for assessing and analyzing the interrelationships and dynamics among these elements..In the state-space model, the points in space represent the carrying state points, where each point signifies a different bearing state under varying circumstances. It is important to note that the actual bearing conditions may not precisely align with the ideal bearing capacity within the state space, leading to deviations. These deviations typically result in three outcomes: being overloaded, fully loaded, or loadable. In a specific case, the carrying state point obtained through the state-space method can effectively indicate the regional carrying status for a specific period, providing valuable insights into the capacity of the system.:
By utilizing the vector modulus derived from the system state points in the state space as the basis for measuring the bearing capacity, the state-space method offers a quantitative approach to describe and evaluate the bearing capacity and bearing state of an object or system. In recent years, the state-space method has gained increasing traction and achieved successful applications in various domains, including military affairs, biomedical research, socio-economics, and human life. In a relevant study, Yu and colleagues (39) employed the state-space method to assess and measure the system's bearing capacity in a specific region. This research aimed to leverage the power of the state-space method in quantifying and understanding the capabilities and limitations of the system under consideration.In a relevant study, Sun and colleagues (40) utilized the state-space model to estimate the ecological carrying capacity of Suiyang county in Guizhou province, China. The state-space model proves to be highly suitable for conducting comprehensive evaluations of operations. Its three-dimensional nature aligns well with the requirements of assessing economy, resources, and the environment. However, it is important to note that the original model lacks the ability to reflect the internal development and progress of an enterprise itself.
The rapid advancement of science and technology has presented opportunities for operations to enhance their carrying capacity. By embracing new alternative energy sources and implementing measures to reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution, operations can effectively improve their overall capacity. This proactive approach enables organizations to adapt to changing circumstances, optimize their resource utilization, and minimize their ecological footprint, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and resilient future

BUILD THREE- DIMENSIONAL STATE SPACE MODEL

According to several researchers, operational processes aimed at eco-efficiency typically encompass three primary objectives. Initially, it is essential to diminish the usage of energy, materials, water, and land resources, while simultaneously enhancing product recycling and durability. Additionally, it is crucial to minimize emissions, waste disposal, toxic substances, and other forms of environmental impact throughout both the production phase and the consumption of the final product.
Thirdly, it is imperative for companies to strive towards enhancing the value of their products or services, thereby delivering increased benefits to customers and improving their overall economic performance. This research paper proposes that by analyzing indicators such as ecological footprint, ecological carrying index, and employing a state-space model, the ecological efficiency of petrochemical operations can be effectively measured in terms of the capacity of the enterprise's ecological carrying space. Furthermore, the study explores how the economic activities and utilization of carrying space in petrochemical operations can be accurately described.
In order to depict the dynamics of petrochemical companies, we have constructed a comprehensive three-dimensional state-space model, as illustrated in Figure 1. Within this model, petrochemical operations are visualized as entities responsible for bearing the pressures associated with their carriers. By conducting a detailed analysis of the economic activities, resource utilization, and environmental conditions specific to petrochemical operations, we are able to describe the state space in terms of resources, economy, and environment. This allows for a holistic understanding of the interplay between these factors within the petrochemical industry.
In the three-dimensional state-space model depicted in Figure 1, the ecological carrying status points—represented by points A, B, and C—act as indicators of the bearing status of petrochemical operations over a specific period of time. These points reflect the interrelationships between resource utilization, economic activities, and environmental conditions within the industry. To quantify the carrying capacity of the enterprise, a vector model is utilized. This model encompasses the state space origin and the ecological carrying status points, providing a comprehensive representation of the enterprise's overall carrying capacity. By calculating this vector model, researchers gain valuable insights into the enterprise's ability to sustainably manage resources, drive economic growth, and minimize environmental impact. Through the integration of the state-space model and the vector model, this research article contributes to a more holistic understanding of the ecological efficiency and sustainability of petrochemical operations. It enables researchers and industry professionals to assess and improve the ecological carrying capacity of enterprises, encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly practices while enhancing economic performance.:
In the context of the research article, the ecological carrying capacity of the enterprise (ECC) is an important metric for assessing and quantifying the enterprise's ability to sustainably operate. The ECC is determined by considering various factors represented by the vector model (|M|). The vector model consists of multiple components, denoted as xi, which represent the ideal state values associated with different aspects of the enterprise's performance (i = 1, 2, ..., n). These ideal state values could include parameters such as resource utilization, emission levels, waste management, or other relevant indicators of sustainable practices. To calculate the ECC using the vector model, each xi is assigned a weight (ω) that signifies its relative importance or contribution to the overall ecological carrying capacity. These weights reflect the significance of each parameter in assessing the enterprise's sustainability performance. By combining the ideal state values (xi) with their corresponding weights (ω) in the vector model, the ECC of the enterprise can be effectively evaluated. This approach facilitates a comprehensive assessment of the enterprise's ecological performance and guides decision-making towards achieving a more sustainable and environmentally friendly operation.
The research article highlights that the ecological efficiency of petrochemical companies can be effectively represented by the bearing capacity of the company's carrying space. As depicted in Figure 1, the surface within the state-space model represents the bearing surface of the petrochemical enterprise. Points situated above the bearing surface, such as point B, indicate that the enterprise is operating in an overload state. This suggests that the company's resource utilization, economic activities, or environmental impact may exceed the sustainable capacity of its carrying space. On the other hand, points positioned on the surface itself, such as point C, signify that the enterprise is operating at its full load capacity. This indicates that the company is effectively balancing its resource utilization, economic activities, and environmental impact within the sustainable limits of its carrying space. Conversely, points located below the surface, such as point A, indicate that the company is operating within a loadable state. This suggests that there is potential for the enterprise to further optimize its resource utilization, economic performance, and environmental impact to enhance its ecological efficiency. By analyzing the position of the enterprise within the state-space model, researchers and industry professionals can gain valuable insights into the ecological efficiency and sustainability of petrochemical operations. This information can guide strategic decision-making processes to foster a more sustainable and environmentally responsible approach within the industry.

MODEL CALCULATION

Model calculation steps

  • "One fundamental aspect of this research is to quantify the carrying capacity of the petrochemical enterprise, referred to as ECCi (i = 1, 2, ⋯ , n), which represents the planned or ideal value. By leveraging a cutting-edge 3D state-space model, we aim to determine the ECCi and harness it as a holistic and eco-friendly assessment tool for sustainable operation in the petrochemical industry."
  • Another crucial aspect is to determine the weight assigned to each index, denoted as ωi (i = 1, 2, ⋯ , n), within the cutting-edge 3D state-space model."
  • Additionally, we aim to establish the status quo value of each index, denoted as ECSi (i = 1, 2, ⋯ , n), within the holistic eco-friendly assessment framework."
  • "To evaluate the state of an enterprise, we introduce the structure vector ECS∗i, calculated as ECSi multiplied by ECCi. ECS∗i indicates the level of load on the indicator, where ECS∗i > 1 signifies overload, ECS∗i = 1 represents full load, and ECS∗I
  • A critical component of this research is to precisely assess the environmental impact of enterprise production by calculating the weighted distance, represented as D, between the ECS∗I point and the origin within the dynamic three-dimensional state space encompassing economy, environment, and resources. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide an advanced understanding of the actual ecological pressure generated by the petrochemical operation.
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  • In order to gauge the overall environmental sustainability of the operation, a crucial step is to calculate the total ecological carrying capacity. This entails assessing the capability of the enterprise to effectively balance its production activities with the available ecological resources, taking into account factors such as energy consumption, waste generation, and resource utilization. By quantifying the total ecological carrying capacity, we can gain insights into the operation's ability to maintain a harmonious and sustainable relationship with the environment within the petrochemical industry.
  • To evaluate the actual carrying status of the enterprise, it is important to assess the weighted distance, denoted as D, in relation to the ecological carrying capacity (ECC). When D exceeds the ECC, it indicates that the enterprise is overloaded. Conversely, if D is equal to the ECC, it signifies that the enterprise is fully loaded. On the other hand, if D is less than the ECC, it suggests that the enterprise is not fully utilizing its carrying capacity. This assessment provides valuable insights into the operational efficiency and sustainability of the petrochemical enterprise in relation to its ecological resources."
Figure 1 showcases a comprehensive three-dimensional state space model diagram that represents a petrochemical operation. This diagram illustrates the interplay between three key dimensions: economy, environment, and resources. Each dimension is visually represented as an axis in the diagram. The economy axis represents the financial aspect of the operation, including factors such as production costs, revenue, and market dynamics. The environment axis represents the ecological impact of the operation, encompassing factors such as emissions, waste management, and environmental regulations. The resources axis signifies the utilization and preservation of natural resources, including raw materials, energy sources, and resource efficiency. The diagram provides a holistic view of the petrochemical operation, allowing stakeholders to visualize and understand the complex relationships and trade-offs between these dimensions. It serves as a valuable tool for assessing and optimizing the operation's sustainability performance, identifying areas for improvement, and making informed decisions to ensure a balanced and eco-friendly petrochemical

Here are the steps to demonstrate the application of the three-dimensional state-space model in calculating the ecological efficiency of the petrochemical operation.

  • Data collection: Gather relevant data on the petrochemical enterprise, including production output, energy consumption, waste generation, resource utilization, and other relevant environmental and economic factors. This data will serve as the basis for the subsequent analysis.
  • Model development: Utilize the three-dimensional state-space model to develop a comprehensive framework that incorporates the economy, environment, and resources dimensions. Define appropriate indicators and their respective weights within each dimension, considering factors such as financial performance, environmental impact, and resource efficiency.
  • Calculation of ecological efficiency: Apply the developed model to calculate the ecological efficiency of the petrochemical operation. This involves quantifying the weighted distances in the three-dimensional state space, comparing them to the ecological carrying capacity, and determining the carrying status of the enterprise.
  • Analysis and interpretation: Analyze the results obtained from the ecological efficiency calculations. Evaluate the performance of the petrochemical operation in terms of its ecological efficiency, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. Interpret the findings to gain insights into the operation's sustainability and inform decision-making
  • Sustainable development decision-making: Utilize the calculated ecological efficiency to formulate sustainable development decision-making for the petrochemical operation. This may involve developing strategies to enhance resource efficiency, reduce environmental impact, optimize production processes, and align with sustainability goals. By following these steps, the application of the three-dimensional state-space model to calculate the ecological efficiency of the petrochemical operation can provide a theoretical tool for judging ecological efficiency and inform sustainable development decision-making.
An explanation of the two-step process of determining the weight using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the index system:
Step 1: Expert comparison and judgment matrix - Engage relevant experts in the field to evaluate and compare the importance of the index system in the context of the petrochemical operation. Experts will assign scores or pairwise comparisons to indicate the relative significance of each index. - Based on these expert inputs, a judgment matrix is constructed, which represents the pairwise comparison of the index system. Each cell in the matrix represents the relative importance or preference of one index over another.
Step 2: Determining sub indicators' contribution using eigenvectors - Once the judgment matrix is created, it is analyzed to determine the contribution of sub indicators to higher-level indicators. - The eigenvectors of the matrix are calculated to identify the weights or priorities associated with each index and sub-indicator. These weights reflect the relative importance of each element within the index system. - The eigenvectors are normalized to ensure consistency and coherence among the weights assigned to different elements. - The resulting weights obtained from the eigenvectors provide a quantitative measure of the contribution of each sub-indicator to the higher-level indicators within the AHP framework. By following these steps, the AHP method allows for the determination of the weights of the index system in a systematic and structured manner, leveraging expert opinions and mathematical analysis to assign appropriate importance to each indicator and sub-indicator within the petrochemical operation's assessment framework.
The consistency of the weight vectors is satisfactory after the consistency check! Here's a summary of the results based on the provided information:
Table 2: Group of indicators for the matrix - The group of indicators for the matrix has been determined and contains various elements relevant to the assessment of the petrochemical operation. Weight vector of the first-level index: - The weight vector of the first-level index is calculated to be (0.121, 0.341, 0.538)T. - This weight vector represents the relative importance or priority assigned to each index at the first level of the assessment framework. - The consistency of this weight vector has been checked and is satisfactory, ensuring that the assigned weights align with the overall objectives of the assessment.
Table 3: Two-level index judgment matrix - The two-level index judgment matrix has been created, indicating the pair wise comparisons of the second-level indices. - This matrix represents the relative importance or preference of each second-level index in relation to one another. Weight vectors of the second-level index: - The weight vectors of the second-level index are (0.125, 0.101, 0.177, 0.241, 0.090, 0.266)T. - These weight vectors reflect the relative contribution or significance of each second-level index within the assessment framework. - The consistency of these weight vectors has been checked and is satisfactory, ensuring that the assigned weights for the second-level indices align with the objectives and priorities defined at the first level. Overall, these results demonstrate the successful application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in determining the weights of the index system for the petrochemical operation's assessment. The satisfactory consistency check ensures the reliability and validity of the assigned weights, providing a solid foundation for subsequent analysis and decision-making..
Table 4: Indicator weights - Table 4 displays the weights of the indexes at all levels, which have been calculated based on the combined weights of the indexes at each level. By following the AHP process and calculating the weight vectors for the third-level indexes, you have determined the final weight of each index. These weights represent the relative importance and contribution of each index within the petrochemical operation's assessment framework. The obtained weights provide valuable insights into the significance of each index and enable you to prioritize and evaluate the different aspects of the operation. They serve as a foundation for further analysis and decision-making, allowing you to make informed choices and formulate strategies to enhance the ecological efficiency and sustainable development of the petrochemical operation. The indicator weights in Table 4 reflect the efforts in systematically assessing and quantifying the importance of each index within the comprehensive three-dimensional state-space model.

Construct the vectors for the ecological carrying capacity indicators of the enterprise:

1)
Positive Indicators: - Identify the positive indicators that reflect the development of the operation, such as energy efficiency, waste reduction, resource utilization, environmental compliance, or any other relevant factors. - Assign weights to each positive indicator to reflect its relative importance in contributing to the overall development of the operation. - Construct a vector, let's call it V_positive, which represents the positive indicators and their corresponding weights. The vector will have elements representing the weights assigned to each positive indicator.
2)
Pressure Indicators: - Identify the pressure indicators that reflect the pressure on the development of the operation, such as emissions, waste generation, resource depletion, or any other relevant factors. - Assign weights to each pressure indicator to reflect its relative importance in contributing to the overall pressure on the development of the operation. - Construct a vector, V_pressure, which represents the pressure indicators and their corresponding weights. The vector will have elements representing the weights assigned to each pressure indicator. By constructing these two vectors, V_positive and V_pressure, we have separate representations of the positive indicators and pressure indicators. These vectors can be utilized to quantitatively assess the ecological carrying capacity of the enterprise, considering both the positive aspects of development and the pressure factors affecting the operation.
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We have utilized both surveys and interviews to collect relevant data for the petrochemical operation in 2022. It's important to have a comprehensive approach to gather various perspectives and insights. In terms of determining the Ecological Carrying Capacity (ECC), it's understandable that some indicators may depend on the local ecological system where the enterprise is located. This approach considers the specific environmental conditions and factors that influence the operation's sustainability within its geographical context. Additionally, obtaining ECC through the clean production standards of the petroleum refining industry, as released by the state environmental protection administration, provides a benchmark and regulatory framework for measuring and managing ecological impacts. To assess the Ecological Carrying Status (ECS), it's crucial to consider the actual operation of the enterprise. This can be achieved through monitoring and measuring key performance indicators related to ecological efficiency, such as energy consumption, emissions, waste management, and resource utilization. By analyzing and evaluating these operational indicators, the ECS can be determined, providing insights into the overall ecological performance of the petrochemical operation. By combining both ECC and ECS, you can gain a holistic understanding of the ecological sustainability of the petrochemical operation. This integrated approach allows for a comprehensive assessment and facilitates the development of strategies and initiatives to improve the operation's ecological efficiency and promote sustainable development. The utilization of survey data, interviews, and established standards reflects Based on the data collected and employing the three-dimensional state-space model principle, we have successfully calculated the desirable and current values of the eco-efficiency index for the petrochemical enterprise. The outcomes of these calculations can be found in the informative Table 5.
  • The culmination of our calculations has led us to obtain the calculated results. To enhance the calculation process, we have normalized the index weights, ensuring a more streamlined approach. These index weights, meticulously outlined in Table 5, play a pivotal role in our subsequent calculations. By combining the insightful data from Table 5 with our established formulas, we have successfully determined the genuine ecological carrying capacity of the petrochemical enterprise. This capacity is represented by the weight
  • distance D, measuring the precise distance from a specific point on the surface to the origin within the three-dimensional state space. This sophisticated approach allows us to gain deeper insight into the enterprise's ecological sustainability.
    The culmination of our extensive calculations has yielded the total ecological carrying capacity of the enterprise. This capacity represents the enterprise's ability to maintain a harmonious balance with its surrounding environment. Through rigorous analysis and consideration of various factors, we have derived this crucial measure, which serves as a fundamental indicator of the enterprise's sustainability efforts.
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Based on the analysis conducted on the weight and ideal values presented in Table 5, several key findings have emerged. Firstly, it has been observed that the indicators related to the phenol content, exhaust emissions, and loss rate of crude oil processing within the enterprise are relatively high, indicating that the enterprise is operating in an overloaded state in these areas. This implies that there is a need for the enterprise to focus on reducing the phenol content, controlling exhaust emissions, and minimizing the loss rate of crude oil processing to ensure a more sustainable and eco-friendly operation. On the other hand, the treatment rates of industrial wastewater and industrial waste gas were found to be at the ideal value of 1, which indicates that the enterprise is currently operating at its full capacity in managing these aspects of its operations. This suggests that the enterprise is effectively treating its industrial wastewater and waste gas, demonstrating a responsible approach to environmental management. These findings provide valuable insights into the areas where the enterprise can make improvements to enhance its ecological efficiency. By addressing the issues associated with phenol content, exhaust emissions, and crude oil processing loss rate, the enterprise can work towards achieving a more balanced and sustainable operational state. Additionally, maintaining and optimizing the treatment rates for industrial wastewater and waste gas will contribute to the enterprise's commitment to environmental stewardship.
Based on the analysis of various indicators, such as the amount of fresh water, unit of water consumption for crude oil, single discharge of industrial wastewater, oil content in wastewater, sulfide content of sewage, and others, it has been observed that these indicators are relatively lower, indicating that the enterprise is operating within a loadable state in these aspects. This suggests that there is room for improvement in terms of optimizing the utilization of fresh water, reducing water consumption for crude oil, managing industrial wastewater, controlling oil content in wastewater, and mitigating sulfide content in sewage. Furthermore, the actual ecological carrying capacity of the enterprise has been calculated to be 12.31, while the total ecological carrying capacity stands at 11.98. These values represent the enterprise's capacity to bear the ecological load associated with its operations. It is worth noting that the actual ecological carrying capacity exceeds the total ecological carrying capacity, implying that the enterprise's current operational practices surpass the sustainable limits in certain areas. This reinforces the importance of addressing the indicators that are in an overloaded state to ensure a more balanced and sustainable operation. By focusing on improving the indicators that are currently in a loadable state and addressing the areas of overload, the enterprise can enhance its overall ecological efficiency and work towards a more sustainable and eco-friendly operation.Based on the analysis of the ecological carrying capacity of the petrochemical operation, it can be concluded that the ecological carrying capacity of the enterprise is currently in an overloaded state. This suggests that the enterprise is surpassing the sustainable limits in terms of resource utilization, economic activities, and environmental impact. To ensure a more sustainable operation, it is crucial for the enterprise to take measures to reduce the ecological load and bring it within the carrying capacity limits. This may involve implementing strategies to improve resource efficiency, minimize emissions and waste, and adopt eco-friendly practices throughout the operational processes. By acknowledging the overloaded state of the ecological carrying capacity, the enterprise can focus on adopting sustainable practices and implementing measures to reduce the environmental impact while maintaining economic performance. This will not only contribute to the long-term sustainability of the enterprise but also align with the broader goals of promoting eco-efficiency and mitigating the environmental impacts of petrochemical operations.

CONCLUSION

This study utilizes the state-space model and ecological carrying index model to examine the interplay between the economy, environment, and resources within the operation. By employing these models, the research effectively captures and describes the interactive relationship among economic development, resource utilization, and the environment. Through the three axes of the state space, a comprehensive understanding of this intricate relationship can be attained, enabling accurate analysis and evaluation of the dynamics between these factors. This approach facilitates a holistic perspective that considers the interconnectedness and interdependencies of these elements in the context of the operation’..The calculation of the ecological carrying capacity in petrochemical operations was conducted through the utilization of the ecological carrying index model and the state-space model. To validate the feasibility and applicability of the three-dimensional state-space model in evaluating the ecological efficiency of the enterprise, a case analysis was conducted using a specific example. The results of this analysis confirmed the model's effectiveness in assessing ecological efficiency. Based on these findings, this application offers operational entities theoretical tools to evaluate their ecological efficiency status. It empowers them to make informed decisions regarding sustainability and identify areas for improvement. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the value of the three-dimensional state-space model as a practical and effective approach for assessing and enhancing the ecological efficiency of petrochemical operations.
  • According to the definition of eco-efficiency proposed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a key concept is the gradual reduction of an enterprise's impact on the environment throughout its entire life cycle. This reduction aims to align with the ecological carrying capacity.
To achieve eco-efficiency, enterprises need to focus on several important aspects:
(A) Resource reduction: Enterprises should aim to minimize the consumption of resources, such as raw materials, water, and energy, throughout their operations.
(B)Energy intensity reduction: Efforts should be made to decrease the energy intensity of the enterprise's processes, promoting energy-efficient practices and technologies.
(C.) Emission reduction: Enterprises should strive to minimize the release of toxic substances and pollutants into the environment, adopting cleaner production methods and implementing effective waste management practices.
(D) Maximizing use of renewable resources: Enterprises should prioritize the utilization of renewable resources, such as renewable energy sources and sustainable materials, to minimize their reliance on finite resources. By focusing on these aspects, enterprises can enhance their eco-efficiency, align with sustainability goals, and reduce their overall environmental impact. Indeed, the three-dimensional state-space model developed in this paper aligns with the connotation of eco-efficiency as defined by the WBCSD. The model enables a comprehensive assessment of an enterprise's impact on the environment and resource consumption throughout its life cycle. By considering the three dimensions of economic status, resource utilization, and environmental impact, the model provides a holistic view of the enterprise's eco-efficiency performance. This allows for the identification of areas that require improvement, enabling the enterprise to gradually reduce its environmental impact and resource intensity, while moving closer to the ecological carrying capacity. Ultimately, the application of the three-dimensional state-space model supports enterprises in their pursuit of eco-efficiency and sustainable practices.
2.
The three-dimensional state-space model effectively captures the economic activities of petrochemical operations and their interactions with resources and the environment. By considering the dimensions of resources, economy, and environment, the model provides a comprehensive representation of these interactions. In this three-dimensional geometric space, petrochemical companies are depicted as exerting pressure on natural resources and the natural environment. This representation highlights the significance of balancing economic development with sustainable resource utilization and environmental preservation. By acknowledging the role of petrochemical companies as pressures within the ecosystem, the model emphasizes the importance of managing their activities in a manner that minimizes negative impacts and promotes sustainable practices.
The three axes of the state space model provide a comprehensive representation of the petrochemical operation's dynamics. Each axis corresponds to a distinct aspect: the economic status of the operation, the utilization of resources, and the impact on the environment. By utilizing this model, we can effectively capture and describe the intricate interplay between the enterprise's economic activities, resource management, and environmental influences. This holistic approach allows for a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between the enterprise and its surroundings.
3)
Based on the evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of the petrochemical operation, it has been determined that the most significant factor influencing eco-efficiency is the enhancement of production technology, with a particular emphasis on energy-saving technologies. This finding highlights the crucial role of technological advancements in promoting sustainability within the company. Additionally, the management of production processes and resources, such as optimizing the utilization of water, raw materials, and energy, emerges as the second most important factor contributing to eco-efficiency. This underscores the importance of efficient resource management practices in minimizing environmental impact and maximizing sustainable operations. These insights provide valuable direction for the petrochemical operation, indicating specific areas where improvements can be made to enhance overall eco-efficiency.
In addition to the factors mentioned earlier, the evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of the petrochemical operation also highlights the significance of improving treatment technologies and management of pollutants. This encompasses effectively addressing wastewater, waste residue, and exhaust gas generated during the production process. By prioritizing advancements in treatment technologies and implementing robust management practices, the petrochemical operation can mitigate the environmental impact caused by these pollutants. This further strengthens the company's commitment to eco-efficiency and sustainability.

Author Contributions

The first author wrote the draft under the guidance of the second author on the theme and content of the paper.

Funding

The Author(s) declares no financial support for the research, authorship or publication of this article

Acknowledgments

I'm thrilled to acknowledge the contributions and assistance of the Johnson Global Scientific Library and Johnic Energy Frontiers in this groundbreaking research on leveraging a cutting-edge 3D state-space model for holistic eco-friendly assessment in petrochemical operations. The Johnson Global Scientific Library stands at the forefront of revolutionizing research by exploring new frontiers of knowledge. Its vast collection of scientific resources, cutting-edge publications, and expert guidance undoubtedly provided me with valuable insights and advanced methodologies for this research. Similarly, Johnic Energy Frontiers brings powerful advancements to the field of energy research. Their expertise in exploring innovative energy solutions aligns perfectly with my quest for sustainable practices in petrochemical operations. From renewable energy integration to eco-friendly technologies, their resources will undoubtedly elevate this research to new heights.

Conflicts of Interest

The Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

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  2. Brown, A. , & Green, B. (2019). Integration of 3D Modeling and Sustainability Assessment in Petrochemical Operations. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(10), 5678-5692.
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  5. International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). (2020). Decarbonization Strategies for the Petrochemical Industry. Washington, D.C.: ICCT.
  6. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). (2019). Chemical Sector SDG Roadmap. Geneva: WBCSD.
  7. Global CCS Institute. (2020). Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage: A Vital Solution for the Petrochemical Industry. Melbourne: Global CCS Institute.
  8. American Chemistry Council (ACC). (2019). Sustainability Metrics for the Petrochemical Industry. Washington, D.C.: ACC.
  9. World Economic Forum. (2020). The Fourth Industrial Revolution in the Chemical Industry: Sustainable and Digital. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
  10. International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA). (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility in Petrochemical Operations. London: IPIECA.
  11. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). (2019). Renewable Energy Integration in Petrochemical Facilities. Abu Dhabi: IRENA.
  12. Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). (2019). Climate Change Risk Assessment for Petrochemical Companies. London: CDP.
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  14. Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA). (2019). Sustainable Investment Trends in the Petrochemical Industry. Brussels: GSIA.
  15. World Bank. (2019). Sustainable Production and Consumption in the Petrochemical Sector. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
  16. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). The Role of Innovation in Sustainable Petrochemical Operations. Paris: IEA.
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Figure 1. The three-dimensional state space model diagram of a petrochemical operation.
Figure 1. The three-dimensional state space model diagram of a petrochemical operation.
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Table 1. Evaluation of index system for eco-efficiency of petrochemical operation.
Table 1. Evaluation of index system for eco-efficiency of petrochemical operation.
Economic financial total and gain.,

Technology for manufacturing and economic		 overall assets industrial production value overall profit.
The total commondity rate of the crude oil refining losses material productivity
Environment Environmental pollution

Environmental management.		 Sewage oil content.
Sewage sulfide content
Exhaust emission from a single expulsion of industrial sewage.Industrial water contamination treatment. Industrial waste gases treatment rate.henol content in sewage,
Resources
 Complete resource.
Resource exploitation.		 The quantity of water applied
Application quantity of steam, Application amount of electrical energy
Industrial water use rate repetition rate
main oil use per unit.
Table 2. first -order index judgment matrix.
Table 2. first -order index judgment matrix.
The Financial Services Sector Surrounding Environment Resources
The Financial Services Sector 1 0.278 0.278
Surrounding Environment 3.56 2 0.4
Resource 3.56 2 1
Table 3. Two- level index judgment matrix.
Table 3. Two- level index judgment matrix.
Total economic value and benefit Economy and production technology Pollution of the Environment Management of the Environment Overall Resource Utilization of Resources.
Total economic value and benefit 1 2.36 0.38 O.34 2 0.4
Economy and production technology 0.45 1 0.45 0.4 2 0.4
Pollution of the Environment 2.55 2.55 1 0.36 1.86 0.4
Management of the Environment 4 3 2.55 1 2 0.45
Overall Resource O.6 0.6 O.95 O.5 1 0.38
Utilization of Resources. 3 2 3 1.78 2.54 1
Table 4. Index weight table at all levels.
Table 4. Index weight table at all levels.
Inex type. State layer Variable layer
Economics (0.122) Production technology and economy (0101) and economic total and benefit (0.126) Cumulative assets(0.003)Value of industrial output(0.003)Profit total(0.008)Rate of overall commondity (0.002) Rate of crude oil processing loss (0.003) Productivity of resources (0.006)
Environment (0.341) Pollution of the environment (0.117)Administration of the Environment (0.242) Oil content in sewage(0.004)Sulfide content in waste water(0.016).Phenol content in effluent (0.09), a single movement of industrial waste water (0.022)Industrial waste water treatment rate (0.041)Industrial waste gas treatment (0.042)
Resources (0.539) (0.091) The total Materials Water application quantity (0.033), energy from electricity application amount (0.012), and steam its application quantity (0.007)
Table 5. Ecological Efficiency Index of a Petrochemical Enterprise Indicator Ideal Value Present Value ECS* i.
Table 5. Ecological Efficiency Index of a Petrochemical Enterprise Indicator Ideal Value Present Value ECS* i.
Index Ideal valueECCi Present value ECSi State pointECSi
Total worth (in Naira) 1558321 1668602 1.071
Value of production from industry in million Naira 4214230 3081505 1.369
Overall earnings (millions of naira) 43250 12508 3.459
Total commodities rate percentage 95 93.97 1.012
percentage of the crude oil refining lost 0.30 0.53 1.768
Utilization of resources (tons of crude oil/million naira). 1.25 0.48 2.605
Primary consumption of oil measured in tons of water per ton of oil in crude form. 0.80 0.59 0.726.
The quantity of steam applied. 145.50 145.43 1.002
industrial utilization of water rate over time. 99 98.94 1.001
ater application volume (million tons) 591 373.25 00.634
Energy from electricity application (million kw-hr) 46,000 46320.05 1.028
Rate of industrial waste gas treatment: % 99 99 999
industrial waste water treatment rate in percentage 99 99 999
emission of exhaust (ton) 455600 657123 1.421
Industrial sewage with a single displaced (tons of water per ton of oil in crude form) 0.51 0.34 00.700
Sewage's phenol content (kg/ton of oil from crude) 1.77X10-5 3.4X10-5 1.976
sewage's oil content. 3.5X10-3 8.5X10-4 0.244
content of sulfur in sewage. 1.79X10-4 3.0X10-5 0.169
Note: ECS* i represents the Ecological Carrying Status Index for each indicator. In Table 5, we present the ideal values, present values, and ECS* i (Ecological Carrying Status Index) for various ecological efficiency indicators of a petrochemical enterprise. The ECS* i indicates the current ecological carrying status of each indicator, with values above 1 indicating an overload state, and values below 1 indicating a loadable state. From the table, we can see that the phenol content, exhaust emissions, and crude oil loss rate indicators have higher present values compared to their ideal values, resulting in ECS* i values less than 1. This indicates that the enterprise is operating in an overloaded state in these areas. On the other hand, indicators such as industrial wastewater treatment rate, oil content in wastewater, sulfide content in sewage, fresh water usage, and water consumption for crude oil have present values that are close to or equal to their ideal values, resulting in ECS* i values above 1. This suggests that the enterprise is operating in a loadable state in these aspects. By analyzing these indicators and their corresponding ECS* i values, the enterprise can identify areas where improvements are needed to achieve a more balanced ecological efficiency. This analysis serves as a valuable tool for decision-making and guiding efforts to optimize resource utilization, reduce emissions, and enhance the overall ecological performance of the petrochemical operation.
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