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Multifaceted Efforts from Basic Research to Clinical Practice in Controlling COVID-19 Disease
Preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2
Submitted:
22 January 2024
Posted:
23 January 2024
You are already at the latest version
Visit | 0 | V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | V6 | UV * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week | −7 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 13 | 25 | 37 | - |
Visit Window (±Days) | - | 2 | ±7 | ±7 | ±7 | ±7 | ±7 | - |
Informed consent for the study | ● | |||||||
Demographic information | ● | |||||||
Participation in other clinical trials | ● | |||||||
Medical history | ● | |||||||
Confirmation of diagnosis of COVID-19 infection | ● | |||||||
Medication history | ● | |||||||
Vital signs | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Electrocardiogram | ● | ● | ● | |||||
Laboratory test | ● | ● | ● | |||||
Blood collection for immune response and metabolite analysis | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||
Pregnancy ** | ● | |||||||
Evaluation of fatigue or “brain fog” | ● | |||||||
CIS | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
VAS (0–100) score for fatigue or “brain fog” | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Inclusion/exclusion criteria | ● | |||||||
KM syndrome differentiation | ● | |||||||
Prescription of herbal medicine *** | ● | ● | ● | |||||
Drug adherence | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
Check for combination therapy | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
ChFQ | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
EQ-5D-5L | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
PSQI-K | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
K-MoCA | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
CFQ | ● | ● | ● | |||||
BDI | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Digit span test in K-WAIS (DF, DB, and DF-DB) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
K-BNT-15 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
Adverse events check | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Fatigue | Cognitive Dysfunction | ||
---|---|---|---|
Code | BIT | KOG | CBD |
Syndrome differentiation classification | Lung-Spleen Qi Deficiency | Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin | Heart Yin Deficiency Heat |
Symptom | Fatigue, appetite loss, cold sweat, shortness of breath, chest tightness, anxiety and others | Fatigue, dry cough and others | Forgetfulness, fever, insomnia, heart palpitation, stomatitis, tongue needles and others |
Tongue diagnosis | Pale tongue, thin white fur | Dry mouth, dry tongue | Red tongue and low tongue coated |
Pulse diagnosis | Vacuous, large, weak pulse/surging, large pulse | Fine pulse/vacuous, weak pulse | Fine, rapid pulse |
Urine/feces | Difficult stool to pass/sloppy stool | Dry stool | Inhibited stool/sloppy stool |
Fomula / Product name |
Composition | Manufacturer / License Code |
Group / KM syndrome differentiation |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Bojungikgi-tang (BIT, CV1) Kracie Bojungikgi-tang Extract Fine Granule |
Ginseng Radix | 4.0g | Kyungbang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd 201507212 |
Fatigue lung-spleen qi deficiency |
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer | ||||
Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba | 4.0g | |||
Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi | ||||
Astragali Radix | 4.0g | |||
Astragalus membranaceus Bunge | ||||
Angelicae Gigantis Radix | 3.0g | |||
Angelica gigas Nakai | ||||
Zizyphi Fructus | 2.0g | |||
Zizyphus jujuba Miller var. inermis Rehder | ||||
Bupleuri Radix | 2.0g | |||
Bupleurum falcatum Linné | ||||
Citri Unshius Pericarpium | 2.0g | |||
Citrus unshiu Markovich | ||||
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma | 1.5g | |||
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer | ||||
Cimicifugae Rhizoma | 1.0g | |||
Cimicifuga heracleifolia Komarov | ||||
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens | 0.5g | |||
Zingiber officinale Roscoe | ||||
Kyungok-go (KOG, CV2) Kyungbang Kyungokgo |
Rehmanniae Radix | 16.0g | Kyungbang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd 201708619 |
Fatigue dual deficiency of qi and yin |
Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz ex Steudel | ||||
Ginseng Radix | 2.5g | |||
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer | ||||
Poria Sclerotium | 5.0g | |||
Poria cocos Wolf | ||||
Mel Honey | 16.6g | |||
Cheonwang-bosim-dan (CBD, CV3) Soonsimhwan |
Rehmanniae Radix | 500.0mg | Hanpoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd 200100075 |
“brain fog” heart yin deficiency |
Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz ex Steudel | ||||
Ginseng Radix | 62.5mg | |||
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer | ||||
Scrophulariae radix | 62.5mg | |||
Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel | ||||
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix | 62.5mg | |||
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | ||||
Polygalae Radix | 62.5mg | |||
Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow | ||||
Platycodonis Radix | 62.5mg | |||
Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle | ||||
Poria Sclerotium | 62.5mg | |||
Poria cocos Wolf | ||||
Schisandrae Fructus | 125.0mg | |||
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baillon | ||||
Angelicae Gigantis Radix | 125.0mg | |||
Angelica gigas Nakai | ||||
Asparagi Radix | 125.0mg | |||
Asparagus cochinchinensis Merrill | ||||
Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber | 125.0mg | |||
Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang | ||||
Thujae Orientalis Semen | 125.0mg | |||
Thuja orientalis Linné | ||||
Zizyphi Semen | 125.0mg | |||
Zizyphus jujuba Miller var. spinosa Hu ex H. F. Chou | ||||
Coptidis Rhizoma | 250.0mg | |||
Coptis japonica Makino |
BIT (n = 15) | KOG (n = 15) | CBD (n = 15) | P-value | ||
Age (mean, SD) | 43.80 (14.31) | 45.33 (12.57) | 51.33 (15.71) | 0.3656* | |
Sex (M/F) | 9/6 | 8/7 | 6/9 | 0.6548** | |
Body mass index (mean, SD) | 24.21 (3.56) | 23.17 (3.67) | 23.41 (3.07) | 0.8233* | |
Final level of education | |||||
Less than elementary school | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1742** | |
Elementary school | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Middle school | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
High school | 2 (13.33 %) | 5 (33.33 %) | 7 (46.67 %) | ||
University or college | 13 (86.67 %) | 10 (66.67 %) | 8 (53.33 %) | ||
Occupation | |||||
Physical labor | 0 | 1(6.67 %) | 6(40.00 %) | 0.6692** | |
Non-physical labor | 10 (66.67 %) | 11(73.33 %) | 8(53.33 %) | ||
Others (unemployed, etc) | 5 (33.33 %) | 3(20.00 %) | 1(6.67 %) | ||
Time duration since initial infection of COVID-19 (days, SD) | 8.87 (3.46) | 10.53 (4.61) | 10.20 (8.08) | 0.3310* | |
NEWS* (SD) | 1.00 (2.54) | 2.47 (4.26) | 2.07 (4.03) | 0.3540* | |
Symptom durations | |||||
Fatigue (days, SD) | 89.47 (33.25) | 114.80 (92.11) | |||
“Brain fog” (days, SD) | 119.13 (97.95) | ||||
Baseline CIS score (mean, SD) | 100.60 (10.66) | 96.60 (15.36) | 105.4 (17.93) | 0.3331* | |
Baseline VAS for fatigue symptom (mean, SD) | 76.87 (14.58) | 73.27 (9.05) | 70.33 (20.34) | 0.4900* | |
Baseline VAS for “brain fog” (mean, SD) | 49.27 (24.86) | 40.60 (26.08) | 62.00 (24.65) | 0.1039* |
BIT (n = 15) | KOG (n = 15) | CBD (n = 15) | P-value*** | |||
Outcomes for feasibility assessment | ||||||
Treatment success rate of VAS for fatigue (%)* | 12 (80) | 8 (53.33) | 7 (46.67) | 0.1431 | ||
Treatment success rate of VAS for “brain fog” (%)* | 6(40) | 7 (46.67) | 2 (13.33) | 0.1225 | ||
(n= 13) | (n= 14) | (n= 14) | ||||
Medication adherence (%)** | 92.27(16.28) | 96.26 (15.75) | 85.66 (23.61) | |||
Outcomes for fatigue symptoms | ||||||
CIS (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | -18.4, 95% CI[-26.89, -9.91] | -23, 95% CI[-33.03, -12.97] | -8.93, 95% CI[-16.27, -1.6] | 0.0181 | ||
At 9 weeks | -27.2, 95% CI[-36.15, -18.25] | -25.93, 95% CI[-35.46, -16.41] | -15.53, 95% CI[-24.8, -6.27] | 0.0394 | ||
At 13 weeks | -29.53, 95% CI[-40.96, -18.1] | -31.47, 95% CI[-43.47, -19.46] | -23.4, 95% CI[-34.79, -12.01] | 0.3391 | ||
At 25 weeks | -30.2, 95% CI[-40.68, -19.72] | -25.33, 95% CI[-35.78, -14.89] | -26.87, 95% CI[-41, -12.73] | 0.7643 | ||
At 37 weeks | -29.6, 95% CI[-39.11, -20.09] | -29.2, 95% CI[-39.72, -18.68] | -26.07, 95% CI[-40.95, -11.18] | 0.6119 | ||
VAS for fatigue (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | -28.87, 95% CI[-40.27, -17.47] | -22.27, 95% CI[-36.95, -7.59] | -6.47, 95% CI[-13.12, 0.18] | 0.0275 | ||
At 9 weeks | -30.07, 95% CI[-42.12, -18.01] | -27.67, 95% CI[-43.02, -12.32] | -14, 95% CI[-25.25, -2.75] | 0.2353 | ||
At 13 weeks | -32.53, 95% CI[-46.07, -19] | -30.13, 95% CI[-47.11, -13.16] | -16.73, 95% CI[-27.48, -5.98] | 0.2509 | ||
At 25 weeks | -28.6, 95% CI[-40.93, -16.27] | -28.73, 95% CI[-43.44, -14.03] | -15.2, 95% CI[-24.56, -5.84] | 0.2537 | ||
At 37 weeks | -32.27, 95% CI[-46.45, -18.08] | -20.07, 95% CI[-36.12, -4.01] | -15.67, 95% CI[-26.24, -5.1] | 0.2784 | ||
ChFQ (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | Total score | -12.73, 95% CI[-21.48, -3.99] | -11.33, 95% CI[-18.93, -3.73] | -5.27, 95% CI[-9.66, -0.87] | 0.1198 | |
Physical health score | -9.13, 95% CI[-14.11, -4.15] | -7.2, 95% CI[-12.11, -2.29] | -1.53, 95% CI[-4.78, 1.71] | 0.0461 | ||
Mental health score | -3.6, 95% CI[-8.53, 1.33] | -4.13, 95% CI[-7.42, -0.85] | -3.73, 95% CI[-5.44, -2.03] | 0.3220 | ||
At 9 weeks | Total score | -20.07, 95% CI[-29, -11.13] | -15.2, 95% CI[-25.83, -4.57] | -5.6, 95% CI[-12.08, 0.88] | 0.0199 | |
Physical health score | -13.8, 95% CI[-19.62, -7.98] | -9.87, 95% CI[-16.27, -3.46] | -2.27, 95% CI[-6.42, 1.89] | 0.0139 | ||
Mental health score | -6.27, 95% CI[-10.36, -2.17] | -5.33, 95% CI[-9.86, -0.8] | -3.33, 95% CI[-6.34, -0.32] | 0.0174 | ||
At 13 weeks | Total score | -23.67, 95% CI[-35.09, -12.24] | -21.27, 95% CI[-32.91, -9.62] | -10.93, 95% CI[-19.93, -1.93] | 0.0991 | |
Physical health score | -17.27, 95% CI[-25.38, -9.15] | -14.2, 95% CI[-21.41, -6.99] | -6.27, 95% CI[-11.99, -0.54] | 0.0808 | ||
Mental health score | -6.4, 95% CI[-10.98, -1.82] | -7.07, 95% CI[-11.98, -2.16] | -4.67, 95% CI[-8.3, -1.03] | 0.0469 | ||
At 25 weeks | Total score | -22.4, 95% CI[-30.36, -14.44] | -17, 95% CI[-28.89, -5.11] | -14.6, 95% CI[-25, -4.2] | 0.4634 | |
Physical health score | -16.53, 95% CI[-22.48, -10.59] | -11.93, 95% CI[-19.19, -4.67] | -8.73, 95% CI[-15.56, -1.91] | 0.2541 | ||
Mental health score | -5.87, 95% CI[-9.23, -2.5] | -5.07, 95% CI[-9.97, -0.16] | -5.87, 95% CI[-10.13, -1.6] | 0.5669 | ||
At 37 weeks | Total score | -25.53, 95% CI[-33.1, -17.97] | -18.27, 95% CI[-30.04, -6.49] | -14.93, 95% CI[-25.55, -4.32] | 0.2411 | |
Physical health score | -19, 95% CI[-24.43, -13.57] | -12.6, 95% CI[-19.66, -5.54] | -8.27, 95% CI[-15.26, -1.28] | 0.0717 | ||
Mental health score | -6.53, 95% CI[-10.45, -2.62] | -5.67, 95% CI[-10.59, -0.74] | -6.67, 95% CI[-10.75, -2.58] | 0.5402 | ||
Outcomes for “brain fog” symptoms | ||||||
VAS for “brain fog” (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | -11.13, 95% CI[-32.3, 10.04] | -4.4, 95% CI[-22.91, 14.11] | -0.4, 95% CI[-9.84, 9.04] | 0.0477 | ||
At 9 weeks | -7.73, 95% CI[-27.2, 11.73] | -9.33, 95% CI[-29.15, 10.48] | -3.87, 95% CI[-17.04, 9.3] | 0.0358 | ||
At 13 weeks | -6.27, 95% CI[-26.71, 14.17] | -5.4, 95% CI[-27.98, 17.18] | 1.4, 95% CI[-10.8, 13.6] | 0.0472 | ||
At 25 weeks | -6.73, 95% CI[-26.23, 12.77] | -7.27, 95% CI[-25.25, 10.71] | -5.87, 95% CI[-14.48, 2.75] | 0.2454 | ||
At 37 weeks | -12.73, 95% CI[-32.8, 7.33] | -7.13, 95% CI[-24.32, 10.06] | -7.13(-15.81, 1.54] | 0.2193 | ||
K-MoCA (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | -0.53, 95% CI[-2.34, 1.28] | 0.20, 95% CI[-0.79, 1.19] | 0.87, 95% CI[-0.77, 2.50] | 0.5767 | ||
At 9 weeks | 0.60, 95% CI[-1.10, 2.30] | 1.33, 95% CI[0.43, 2.24] | 1.27, 95% CI[-1.40, 3.93] | 0.5382 | ||
At 13 weeks | 1.00, 95% CI[-0.51, 2.51] | 1.80, 95% CI[0.77, 2.83] | 1.13, 95% CI[-1.96, 4.22] | 0.3176 | ||
At 25 weeks | 1.00, 95% CI[-0.29, 2.29] | 1.87, 95% CI[1.03, 2.70] | 0.80, 95% CI[-2.09, 3.69] | 0.1525 | ||
At 37 weeks | 1.07, 95% CI[-0.30, 2.43] | 1.47, 95% CI[0.53, 2.40] | 1.00, 95% CI[-1.89, 3.89] | 0.4059 | ||
CFQ (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 37 weeks | -4.40, 95% CI[-7.57, -1.23] | -3.93, 95% CI[-11.57, 3.70] | -11.67, 95% CI[-21.07, -2.26] | 0.9368 | ||
DF-forward (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 13 weeks | 0.27, 95% CI[-0.27, 0.8] | 0, 95% CI[-0.47, 0.47] | -0.07, 95% CI[-0.46, 0.32] | 0.4532 | ||
At 25 weeks | 0.07, 95% CI[-0.42, 0.56] | 0.47, 95% CI[0.11, 0.82] | -0.07, 95% CI[-0.86, 0.73] | 0.3573 | ||
At 37 weeks | 0.33, 95% CI[-0.01, 0.68] | 0.47, 95% CI[0.11, 0.82] | -0.2, 95% CI[-0.96, 0.56] | 0.1230 | ||
DF-backward (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 13 weeks | 1.4, 95% CI[0.4, 2.4] | 0.4, 95% CI[-0.26, 1.06] | 0.8, 95% CI[-0.21, 1.81] | 0.2095 | ||
At 25 weeks | 0.87, 95% CI[-0.04, 1.78] | 0.47, 95% CI[-0.31, 1.25] | 0.8, 95% CI[-0.23, 1.83] | 0.8091 | ||
At 37 weeks | 1.13, 95% CI[0.13, 2.13] | 1.07, 95% CI[0.36, 1.78] | 0.8, 95% CI[-0.21, 1.81] | 0.4459 | ||
K-BNT-15 (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 13 weeks | 0.13, 95% CI[-0.06, 0.33] | 0.13, 95% CI[-0.06, 0.33] | 0.33, 95% CI[-0.21, 0.87] | 0.5933 | ||
At 25 weeks | 0.13, 95% CI[-0.06, 0.33] | 0.2, 95% CI[-0.11, 0.51] | 0.07, 95% CI[-1.14, 1.28] | 0.6532 | ||
At 37 weeks | 0.2, 95% CI[-0.11, 0.51] | 0.27, 95% CI[-0.06, 0.6] | 0.13, 95% CI[-1.07, 1.33] | 0.6417 | ||
Other outcomes | ||||||
EQ-5D-5L (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | 0.01, 95% CI[-0.03, 0.04] | -0.03, 95% CI[-0.07, 0.02] | -0.04, 95% CI[-0.09, 0.01] | 0.1040 | ||
At 9 weeks | 0.03, 95% CI[0, 0.06] | 0.01, 95% CI[-0.05, 0.07] | -0.01, 95% CI[-0.05, 0.04] | 0.2034 | ||
At 13 weeks | 0.06, 95% CI[0.02, 0.11] | 0.02, 95% CI[-0.04, 0.07] | -0.01, 95% CI[-0.11, 0.08] | 0.1417 | ||
At 25 weeks | 0.06, 95% CI[0.02, 0.11] | -0.01, 95% CI[-0.05, 0.03] | 0.03, 95% CI[-0.06, 0.11] | 0.3256 | ||
At 37 weeks | 0.07, 95% CI[0.03, 0.11] | 0, 95% CI[-0.04, 0.05] | 0.03, 95% CI[-0.06, 0.12] | 0.4582 | ||
PSQI-K (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | 0.14, 95% CI[-1.16, 1.44] | -2.14, 95% CI[-3.10, -1.19] | 0.07, 95% CI[-1.14, 1.28] | 0.0364 | ||
At 9 weeks | -0.85, 95% CI[-1.92, 0.22] | -3.07, 95% CI[-4.10, -2.05] | -0.64, 95% CI[-2.19, 0.90] | 0.0557 | ||
At 13 weeks | -1.15, 95% CI[-2.96, 0.66] | -2.71, 95% CI[-3.76, -1.67] | -1.50, 95% CI[-3.35, 0.35] | 0.6978 | ||
At 25 weeks | -1.25, 95% CI[-3.40, 0.90] | -2.08, 95% CI[-3.28, -0.89] | -1.55, 95% CI[-4.72, 1.63] | 0.9725 | ||
At 37 weeks | -1.64, 95% CI[-3.72, 0.45] | -2.82, 95% CI[-3.94, -1.70] | -2.33, 95% CI[-4.51, -0.16] | 0.9540 | ||
BDI (mean difference from baseline with 95% CI)** | ||||||
At 5 weeks | -3.40, 95% CI[-5.50, -1.30] | -2.20, 95% CI[-3.77, -0.63] | -1.27, 95% CI[-4.87, 2.34] | 0.1882 | ||
At 9 weeks | -3.27, 95% CI[-5.76, -0.77] | -3.40, 95% CI[-5.14, -1.66] | -4.13, 95% CI[-8.05, -0.21] | 0.8568 | ||
At 13 weeks | -3.80, 95% CI[-6.86, -0.74] | -4.73, 95% CI[-6.87, -2.59] | -5.53, 95% CI[-11.21, 0.14] | 0.8669 | ||
At 25 weeks | -4.60, 95% CI[-7.82, -1.38] | -3.80, 95% CI[-6.20, -1.40] | -6.53, 95% CI[-13.15, 0.08] | 0.9885 | ||
At 37 weeks | -4.47, 95% CI[-7.38, -1.55] | -4.00, 95% CI[-6.62, -1.38] | -6.33, 95% CI[-11.20, -1.47] | 0.9212 |
BIT (n = 15) | KOG (n = 15) | CBD (n = 15) | P-value** | ||
Number participants with adverse events (%)* | 5(33.33) | 1(6.67) | 4(26.67) | 0.2805 | |
Type of AEs (n)* | |||||
Back pain | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Hypothyroidism | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Common cold | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
High blood glucocorticoids level | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Hypertension | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Arthritis | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Animal hair allergy | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Insomnia | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Rhinitis | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Mucous cyst | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
Severity of AEs (n)* | |||||
Mild | 5 | 1 | 4 | ||
Moderate | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Severe | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Causality (n)* | |||||
Drug-related AEs | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Non-related AEs | 5 | 1 | 4 | ||
Number of participants with normal laboratory test results at 13 weeks (n, %)* | BIT (n=13)*** | KOG (n=14)*** | CBD (n=14)*** | ||
BUN | 10(76.92) | 9(64.29) | 12(85.71) | 0.4423 | |
Creatinine | 11(84.62) | 14(100) | 14(100) | 0.0951 | |
AST | 12(92.31) | 14(100) | 14(100) | 0.3171 | |
ALT | 12(92.31) | 13(92.86) | 13(92.86) | 1.0000 | |
ECG | 12(92.31) | 14(100) | 14(100) | 0.3171 |
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