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Seed Source | Location Code | State | Location |
Latitude (˚ N) |
Longitude (˚ E) |
Altitude (m) |
Rainfall (cm) |
Jammu | RS | Jammu & Kashmir | Mira Sahib block, R.S. Pura Range, Jammu Forest Division, Seed zone J.K. I | 32˚ 35' | 74˚ 50' | 288 | 114.8 |
Hoshiarpur | HP | Punjab | Hoshiarpur Range, Hoshiarpur Forest Division, Seed zone P.B. I | 31˚ 32' | 75˚ 55' | 305 | 75 |
Pinjore | PI | Haryana | Pinjore Range, Morni-Pinjore complex, Morni-Pinjore Forest Division, Seed zone H.R. I | 30˚ 48' | 76˚ 54' | 600 | 84 |
New Forest | NF | Uttarakhand | New Forest, Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Seed zone U.P. I | 30˚ 19' | 78˚ 02' | 660 | 216 |
Mohand | MO | Uttarakhand | Mohand Range, Mohand Block, Compartment I-A, Shivalik Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. I | 30˚ 11' | 77˚ 54' | 430 | 90 |
Bijnor | SH | Uttar Pradesh | Chandi Range, Anjani Block, Compartment I, Bijnor Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. II | 29˚ 54' | 78˚ 12' | 268 | 103.4 |
Lalkuan | LK | Uttar Pradesh | Lalkuan Range, Compartment I, Haldwani Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. IV | 29˚ 04' | 79˚ 30' | 210 | 145.7 |
Ahar | AH | Uttar Pradesh | Bulandshahr Range, Ahar Block, Ganga Khadar, North Doab Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. VIII | 28˚ 27' | 78˚14' | 190 | 72.8 |
Bankati | BA | Uttar Pradesh | Bankati Range, Kemagori Block, South Gonda Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. VI | 28˚ 26' | 80˚ 35' | 160 | 125.9 |
Vrindavan | VR | Uttar Pradesh | Mathura Range, Vrindavan Block, Vrijbhumi Forest Division, Near Tehra village, Seed zone U.P. VIII | 27˚ 35' | 77˚ 36' | 160 | 50.8 |
Jaipur | JP | Rajasthan | Jaipur Range, Grass Farm Weed Block, Forest Nursery Grass farm, Jaipur Forest Division, Seed zone RJ. II | 26˚ 45' | 75˚ 45' | 420 | 54.82 |
Udaipur | UD | Rajasthan | Udaipur Range, Sitamata Nursery, Shelterbelt Forest Division, Seed zone RJ. III | 24˚ 35' | 73˚ 42' | 570 | 62.84 |
Provenance | Pod length (cm) | Pod width (cm) | Pod width / Pod length | No of seeds/pod | No of seeds per pod / Pod length | |||||
Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | |
RS | 24.90 b ± 2.11 | 8 | 4.26 a ± 0.31 | 7 | 0.17 cdef ± 0.02 | 12 | 10.71 ab ± 0.86 | 8 | 0.43 bc ± 0.03 | 8 |
HP | 23.18 c ± 2.17 | 9 | 4.27 a ± 0.33 | 8 | 0.19 c ± 0.02 | 13 | 10.14 bc ± 1.03 | 10 | 0.44 b ± 0.03 | 8 |
PI | 26.22 a ± 2.89 | 11 | 4.13 ab ± 0.41 | 10 | 0.16 f ± 0.02 | 13 | 11.33 a ± 1.04 | 9 | 0.44 b ± 0.05 | 12 |
NF | 19.00 e ± 1.30 | 7 | 3.45 de ± 0.25 | 7 | 0.18 cd ± 0.01 | 6 | 10.45 bc ± 1.05 | 10 | 0.55 a ± 0.05 | 8 |
MO | 20.35 d ± 2.03 | 10 | 2.68 f ± 0.26 | 10 | 0.13 g ± 0.01 | 11 | 7.70 e ± 1.53 | 20 | 0.38 c ± 0.07 | 20 |
SH | 18.80 e ± 1.46 | 8 | 3.84 c ± 0.35 | 9 | 0.21 b ± 0.02 | 11 | 8.91 d ± 1.13 | 13 | 0.47 b ± 0.06 | 12 |
LK | 22.59 c ± 2.50 | 11 | 4.20 ab ± 0.30 | 7 | 0.19 bc ± 0.04 | 19 | 10.09 bc ± 1.76 | 17 | 0.45 b ± 0.11 | 23 |
AH | 20.97 d ± 1.80 | 9 | 3.42 e ± 0.31 | 9 | 0.16 def ± 0.02 | 11 | 9.97 c ± 1.37 | 14 | 0.48 b ± 0.06 | 12 |
BA | 22.77 c ± 2.02 | 9 | 4.06 b ± 0.20 | 5 | 0.18 cde ± 0.02 | 11 | 10.09 bc ± 0.91 | 9 | 0.45 b ± 0.06 | 13 |
VR | 22.34 c ± 2.28 | 10 | 3.61 d ± 0.31 | 8 | 0.16 ef ± 0.02 | 10 | 10.10 bc ± 1.24 | 12 | 0.45 b ± 0.06 | 13 |
JP | 22.62 c ± 4.09 | 18 | 3.36 e ± 0.41 | 12 | 0.16 ef ± 0.11 | 69 | 10.03 c ± 1.58 | 16 | 0.48 b ± 0.33 | 69 |
UD | 15.74 f ± 2.45 | 16 | 4.14 ab ± 0.64 | 15 | 0.27 a ± 0.05 | 17 | 7.53 e ± 2.10 | 28 | 0.48 b ± 0.11 | 23 |
Overall mean | 21.62 | 3.78 | 0.18 | 9.75 | 0.46 |
Seed or Pod Trait |
Trait Abbreviation |
Provenance | Replication | Error | Variance Estimates |
Provenance variation contributing to the total variation (%) |
|
Provenance (σ2prov) | Error (σ2e) | ||||||
(d.f.:11) | (d.f.:3) | (d.f.:1185) | |||||
Seed length (cm) | SL | 0.399 *** | 0.011 ns | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 31.38 |
Seed width (cm) | SW | 0.184 *** | 0.007 ns | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 24.47 |
Seed width / Seed length | SW/SL | 0.19 *** | 0.002 ns | 0.009 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 17.11 |
Seed length × Seed width | SL× SW | 0.576 *** | 0.022 ns | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 32.47 |
Pod length (cm) | PL | 813.329 *** | 8.156 ns | 5.565 | 8.08 | 5.57 | 59.18 |
Pod width (cm) | PW | 23.84 *** | 0.249 ns | 0.126 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 65.20 |
Pod Width / Pod length | PW/PL | 0.109 *** | 0.002 ns | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 40.25 |
No of seeds / pod | NSPP | 130.699 *** | 2.116 ns | 1.816 | 1.29 | 1.82 | 41.49 |
No of seeds per pod / Pod length | NSPP/PL | 0.162 *** | 0.005 ns | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 10.15 |
(d.f.:11) | (d.f.:7) | (d.f.:77) | |||||
1000 Seed weight (g) | TSW | 4042.695 *** | 13.778 ns | 13.929 | 503.597 | 13.916 | 97.31 |
(d.f.:11) | (d.f.:3) | (d.f.:33) | |||||
Seed moisture% | SMP | 16.079 *** | 0.0521 ns | 0.245 | 3.963 | 0.229 | 94.55 |
Insect infected seeds % | IIS | 338.393 *** | 0.439 ns | 4.552 | 83.546 | 4.209 | 95.20 |
Seed germination % | SGP | 799.367 *** | 18.283 ns | 8.602 | 197.489 | 9.409 | 95.45 |
Seed germination value | SGV | 330.889 *** | 10.508 * | 2.814 | 81.858 | 3.456 | 95.95 |
Provenance | 1000 Seed weight (g) | Seed length (cm) | Seed width (cm) | Seed width / Seed length | Seed length×Seed width | Seed moisture% | Insect infected seeds % | Seed Germination % | Seed Germination Value | |||||||||
Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | |
RS | 112.02 d ± 3.26 | 2.91 | 0.88 de ± 0.11 | 12.72 | 0.70 e ± 0.07 | 10.20 | 0.81 de ± 0.10 | 12.51 | 0.62 def ± 0.12 | 19.18 | 18.74 f ± 0.53 | 3 | 14.43 d ± 1.46 | 10 | 45.86 b ± 2.91 | 6 | 7.48 c ± 1.29 | 17 |
HP | 155.82 a ± 3.91 | 2.51 | 0.90 cd ± 0.07 | 7.76 | 0.69 ef ± 0.07 | 9.45 | 0.77 e ± 0.07 | 8.88 | 0.62 def ± 0.09 | 14.73 | 22.40 bc ± 0.47 | 2 | 7.79 e ± 2.74 | 35 | 75.17 a ± 3.17 | 4 | 31.97 a ± 4.20 | 13 |
PI | 105.27 e ± 2.09 | 1.99 | 0.85 ef ± 0.07 | 8.75 | 0.69 ef ± 0.07 | 9.53 | 0.81 cde ± 0.11 | 13.26 | 0.59 efg ± 0.07 | 12.55 | 18.88 f ± 0.31 | 2 | 10.05 de ± 3.11 | 31 | 29.03 ef ± 4.16 | 14 | 1.14 ef ± 0.58 | 51 |
NF | 106.14 de ± 2.29 | 2.16 | 0.82 fg ± 0.06 | 7.50 | 0.66 f ± 0.07 | 11.29 | 0.80 e ± 0.09 | 11.04 | 0.54 g ± 0.08 | 15.64 | 21.68 bcd ± 0.26 | 1 | 12.08 de ± 2.42 | 20 | 43.57 bc ± 1.19 | 3 | 5.64 cde ± 0.58 | 10 |
MO | 107.50 de ± 3.62 | 3.37 | 0.84 efg ± 0.08 | 9.27 | 0.74 cd ± 0.06 | 8.59 | 0.88 a ± 0.08 | 9.15 | 0.63 de ± 0.09 | 14.99 | 21.43 cd ± 0.31 | 1 | 8.00 e ± 1.74 | 22 | 50.50 b ± 3.30 | 7 | 14.24 b ± 1.71 | 12 |
SH | 103.08 e ± 2.13 | 2.07 | 0.93 bc ± 0.10 | 10.43 | 0.72 de ± 0.07 | 9.10 | 0.78 e ± 0.11 | 13.64 | 0.67 cd ± 0.09 | 13.99 | 20.51 de ± 0.42 | 2 | 19.58 c ± 1.12 | 6 | 36.71 cd ± 1.84 | 5 | 6.37 cd ± 0.73 | 12 |
LK | 143.52 b ± 5.79 | 4.03 | 0.99 a ± 0.14 | 14.49 | 0.71 de ± 0.09 | 13.17 | 0.72 f ± 0.10 | 13.99 | 0.71 bc ± 0.16 | 23.35 | 22.75 b ± 0.25 | 1 | 10.37 de ± 0.78 | 8 | 34.51 de ± 4.73 | 14 | 1.96 def ± 0.82 | 42 |
AH | 131.33 c ± 3.50 | 2.66 | 0.96 ab ± 0.07 | 7.55 | 0.78 ab ± 0.06 | 7.44 | 0.81 bcde ± 0.08 | 9.90 | 0.75 ab ± 0.08 | 11.22 | 25.47 a ± 0.35 | 1 | 23.52 bc ± 2.16 | 9 | 24.09 f ± 2.32 | 10 | 0.59 f ± 0.16 | 27 |
BA | 127.60 c ± 2.91 | 2.28 | 0.93 bc ± 0.09 | 9.59 | 0.75 bc ± 0.07 | 9.54 | 0.81 cde± 0.08 | 10.22 | 0.70 bc ± 0.11 | 15.34 | 19.68 ef ± 0.27 | 1 | 21.53 bc ± 1.45 | 7 | 29.57 def ± 3.67 | 12 | 1.43 ef ± 0.81 | 57 |
VR | 84.19 f ± 2.40 | 2.85 | 0.82 fg ± 0.08 | 10.11 | 0.70 e ± 0.07 | 10.19 | 0.86 abc ± 0.11 | 8.71 | 0.56 fg ± 0.13 | 18.23 | 18.95 f ± 0.25 | 1 | 39.21 a ± 2.97 | 8 | 50.48 b ± 2.15 | 4 | 9.59 c ± 2.18 | 23 |
JP | 127.07 c ± 4.81 | 3.78 | 0.81 g ± 0.10 | 12.28 | 0.69 ef ± 0.10 | 14.36 | 0.85 ab ± 0.07 | 13.17 | 0.57 g ± 0.10 | 22.47 | 22.57 bc ± 1.05 | 5 | 21.10 bc ± 1.56 | 7 | 29.16 def ± 0.64 | 2 | 1.07 ef ± 0.28 | 26 |
UD | 156.35 a ± 5.55 | 3.55 | 0.96 ab ± 0.10 | 10.30 | 0.81 a ± 0.08 | 10.10 | 0.85 abcd ± 0.11 | 12.55 | 0.77 a ± 0.13 | 16.25 | 22.05 bc ± 0.62 | 3 | 25.27 b ± 1.52 | 6 | 48.91 b ± 3.89 | 8 | 15.46 b ± 3.45 | 22 |
Overall mean | 121.66 | 0.89 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.64 | 21.26 | 17.74 | 41.46 | 8.08 |
. | ||||||||||||||
Seed traits | TSW (g) | SL (cm) | SW (cm) | SW / SL | SL × SW | SMP (%) | IIS (%) | SGP (%) | SGV (%) | PL (cm) | PW (cm) | PW / PL | NSPP | NSPP / PL |
TSW (g) | 1.00 | |||||||||||||
SL (cm) | 0.61* | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
SW (cm) | 0.43 | 0.64* | 1.00 | |||||||||||
SW / SL | -0.33 | -0.58* | 0.25 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
SL × SW | 0.60* | 0.92** | 0.89** | -0.21 | 1.00 | |||||||||
SMP (%) | 0.59* | 0.39 | 0.33 | -0.14 | 0.41 | 1.00 | ||||||||
IIS (%) | -0.26 | -0.04 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.14 | -0.11 | 1.00 | |||||||
SGP (%) | 0.20 | -0.16 | -0.16 | 0.01 | -0.18 | -0.11 | -0.17 | 1.00 | ||||||
SGV (%) | 0.37 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | -0.01 | 0.05 | -0.21 | 0.96** | 1.00 | |||||
PL (cm) | -0.21 | -0.26 | -0.50 | -0.19 | -0.42 | -0.39 | -0.25 | -0.12 | -0.18 | 1.00 | ||||
PW (cm) | 0.41 | 0.48 | -0.01 | -0.63* | 0.28 | -0.28 | -0.06 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 1.00 | |||
PW / PL | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.45 | -0.23 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.23 | -0.63* | 0.54 | 1.00 | ||
NSPP | -0.23 | -0.24 | -0.65* | -0.40 | -0.47 | -0.26 | -0.11 | -0.24 | -0.34 | 0.79** | 0.38 | -0.40 | 1.00 | |
NSPP / PL | 0.02 | -0.05 | -0.21 | -0.21 | -0.12 | 0.28 | 0.24 | -0.23 | -0.27 | -0.41 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.21 | 1.00 |
Geographical factors | TSW (g) | SL (cm) | SW (cm) | SW / SL | SL ×SW | SMP (%) | IIS (%) | SGP (%) | SGV (%) | PL (cm) | PW (cm) | PW / PL | NSPP | NSPP / PL |
Altitude | -0.001 | -0.394 | -0.185 | 0.279 | -0.324 | -0.041 | -0.376 | 0.070 | 0.071 | -0.254 | -0.138 | 0.189 | -0.109 | 0.305 |
Rainfall | -0.109 | 0.036 | -0.382 | -0.464 | -0.171 | -0.044 | -0.447 | -0.105 | -0.241 | -0.092 | 0.046 | 0.004 | 0.254 | 0.462 |
Latitude | -0.277 | -0.174 | -0.550 | -0.379 | -0.405 | -0.306 | -0.653* | 0.251 | 0.168 | 0.564 | 0.128 | -0.493 | 0.484 | -0.273 |
Longitude | -0.252 | 0.199 | -0.085 | -0.330 | 0.066 | 0.041 | -0.038 | -0.414 | -0.441 | 0.128 | -0.196 | -0.386 | 0.193 | 0.009 |
Annual mean temperature | 0.213 | 0.236 | -0.054 | -0.372 | 0.129 | 0.001 | 0.485 | -0.241 | -0.244 | 0.171 | 0.654* | 0.403 | 0.518 | 0.514 |
Mean diurnal range | 0.234 | 0.109 | -0.108 | -0.274 | 0.025 | 0.042 | 0.467 | -0.098 | -0.078 | 0.123 | 0.600* | 0.427 | 0.455 | 0.518 |
Isothermality | 0.441 | 0.336 | 0.265 | -0.153 | 0.351 | 0.166 | 0.369 | -0.276 | -0.165 | -0.316 | 0.430 | 0.691* | -0.047 | 0.499 |
Temperature seasonality | -0.306 | -0.259 | -0.513 | -0.232 | -0.425 | -0.250 | 0.004 | 0.176 | 0.091 | 0.694* | 0.262 | -0.434 | 0.707* | -0.107 |
Max temperature of warmest month | 0.178 | 0.185 | -0.130 | -0.390 | 0.058 | -0.021 | 0.441 | -0.169 | -0.183 | 0.238 | 0.662* | 0.345 | 0.573 | 0.482 |
Min temperature of coldest month | 0.274 | 0.338 | 0.011 | -0.425 | 0.223 | 0.032 | 0.439 | -0.349 | -0.344 | 0.100 | 0.659* | 0.466 | 0.459 | 0.546 |
Temperature annual range | 0.041 | -0.017 | -0.270 | -0.290 | -0.140 | -0.078 | 0.376 | 0.063 | 0.028 | 0.358 | 0.564 | 0.155 | 0.613* | 0.334 |
Mean temperature of wettest quarter | 0.131 | 0.181 | -0.180 | -0.438 | 0.028 | -0.057 | 0.396 | -0.196 | -0.218 | 0.327 | 0.670* | 0.259 | 0.652* | 0.445 |
Mean temperature of driest quarter | -0.215 | 0.195 | -0.253 | -0.520 | -0.008 | 0.035 | 0.357 | -0.315 | -0.378 | 0.150 | 0.354 | 0.100 | 0.559 | 0.515 |
Mean temperature of warmest quarter | 0.148 | 0.158 | -0.140 | -0.366 | 0.036 | -0.032 | 0.459 | -0.177 | -0.194 | 0.260 | 0.643* | 0.313 | 0.589* | 0.471 |
Mean temperature of coldest quarter | 0.292 | 0.297 | 0.052 | -0.335 | 0.222 | 0.055 | 0.508 | -0.283 | -0.267 | 0.024 | 0.631* | 0.525 | 0.388 | 0.568 |
Annual precipitation | -0.145 | 0.124 | -0.361 | -0.553 | -0.119 | -0.084 | -0.539 | -0.110 | -0.189 | -0.042 | 0.056 | -0.053 | 0.212 | 0.293 |
Precipitation of wettest month | -0.138 | 0.079 | -0.473 | -0.625* | -0.194 | -0.053 | -0.324 | -0.137 | -0.237 | -0.063 | 0.190 | 0.083 | 0.381 | 0.594* |
Precipitation of driest month | -0.335 | -0.366 | -0.262 | 0.181 | -0.372 | -0.175 | -0.680* | 0.247 | 0.218 | 0.094 | -0.469 | -0.509 | -0.145 | -0.409 |
Precipitation seasonality | 0.123 | 0.087 | -0.117 | -0.248 | 0.013 | 0.128 | 0.600* | -0.199 | -0.217 | -0.115 | 0.387 | 0.439 | 0.332 | 0.721** |
Precipitation of wettest Quarter | -0.089 | 0.180 | -0.389 | -0.661* | -0.093 | -0.027 | -0.339 | -0.180 | -0.259 | -0.078 | 0.217 | 0.114 | 0.341 | 0.552 |
Precipitation of driest Quarter | -0.324 | -0.273 | -0.340 | -0.018 | -0.356 | -0.189 | -0.748** | 0.196 | 0.141 | 0.143 | -0.354 | -0.487 | -0.026 | -0.328 |
Precipitation of warmest Quarter | -0.226 | -0.039 | -0.599* | -0.577* | -0.338 | 0.042 | -0.622* | -0.009 | -0.107 | 0.047 | -0.080 | -0.215 | 0.247 | 0.241 |
Precipitation of coldest quarter | -0.311 | -0.261 | -0.276 | 0.041 | -0.318 | -0.243 | -0.728** | 0.266 | 0.215 | 0.209 | -0.320 | -0.504 | -0.070 | -0.496 |
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supplementary.docx (18.23KB )
Submitted:
01 March 2024
Posted:
04 March 2024
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supplementary.docx (18.23KB )
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
01 March 2024
Posted:
04 March 2024
You are already at the latest version
Seed Source | Location Code | State | Location |
Latitude (˚ N) |
Longitude (˚ E) |
Altitude (m) |
Rainfall (cm) |
Jammu | RS | Jammu & Kashmir | Mira Sahib block, R.S. Pura Range, Jammu Forest Division, Seed zone J.K. I | 32˚ 35' | 74˚ 50' | 288 | 114.8 |
Hoshiarpur | HP | Punjab | Hoshiarpur Range, Hoshiarpur Forest Division, Seed zone P.B. I | 31˚ 32' | 75˚ 55' | 305 | 75 |
Pinjore | PI | Haryana | Pinjore Range, Morni-Pinjore complex, Morni-Pinjore Forest Division, Seed zone H.R. I | 30˚ 48' | 76˚ 54' | 600 | 84 |
New Forest | NF | Uttarakhand | New Forest, Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Seed zone U.P. I | 30˚ 19' | 78˚ 02' | 660 | 216 |
Mohand | MO | Uttarakhand | Mohand Range, Mohand Block, Compartment I-A, Shivalik Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. I | 30˚ 11' | 77˚ 54' | 430 | 90 |
Bijnor | SH | Uttar Pradesh | Chandi Range, Anjani Block, Compartment I, Bijnor Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. II | 29˚ 54' | 78˚ 12' | 268 | 103.4 |
Lalkuan | LK | Uttar Pradesh | Lalkuan Range, Compartment I, Haldwani Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. IV | 29˚ 04' | 79˚ 30' | 210 | 145.7 |
Ahar | AH | Uttar Pradesh | Bulandshahr Range, Ahar Block, Ganga Khadar, North Doab Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. VIII | 28˚ 27' | 78˚14' | 190 | 72.8 |
Bankati | BA | Uttar Pradesh | Bankati Range, Kemagori Block, South Gonda Forest Division, Seed zone U.P. VI | 28˚ 26' | 80˚ 35' | 160 | 125.9 |
Vrindavan | VR | Uttar Pradesh | Mathura Range, Vrindavan Block, Vrijbhumi Forest Division, Near Tehra village, Seed zone U.P. VIII | 27˚ 35' | 77˚ 36' | 160 | 50.8 |
Jaipur | JP | Rajasthan | Jaipur Range, Grass Farm Weed Block, Forest Nursery Grass farm, Jaipur Forest Division, Seed zone RJ. II | 26˚ 45' | 75˚ 45' | 420 | 54.82 |
Udaipur | UD | Rajasthan | Udaipur Range, Sitamata Nursery, Shelterbelt Forest Division, Seed zone RJ. III | 24˚ 35' | 73˚ 42' | 570 | 62.84 |
Provenance | Pod length (cm) | Pod width (cm) | Pod width / Pod length | No of seeds/pod | No of seeds per pod / Pod length | |||||
Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | |
RS | 24.90 b ± 2.11 | 8 | 4.26 a ± 0.31 | 7 | 0.17 cdef ± 0.02 | 12 | 10.71 ab ± 0.86 | 8 | 0.43 bc ± 0.03 | 8 |
HP | 23.18 c ± 2.17 | 9 | 4.27 a ± 0.33 | 8 | 0.19 c ± 0.02 | 13 | 10.14 bc ± 1.03 | 10 | 0.44 b ± 0.03 | 8 |
PI | 26.22 a ± 2.89 | 11 | 4.13 ab ± 0.41 | 10 | 0.16 f ± 0.02 | 13 | 11.33 a ± 1.04 | 9 | 0.44 b ± 0.05 | 12 |
NF | 19.00 e ± 1.30 | 7 | 3.45 de ± 0.25 | 7 | 0.18 cd ± 0.01 | 6 | 10.45 bc ± 1.05 | 10 | 0.55 a ± 0.05 | 8 |
MO | 20.35 d ± 2.03 | 10 | 2.68 f ± 0.26 | 10 | 0.13 g ± 0.01 | 11 | 7.70 e ± 1.53 | 20 | 0.38 c ± 0.07 | 20 |
SH | 18.80 e ± 1.46 | 8 | 3.84 c ± 0.35 | 9 | 0.21 b ± 0.02 | 11 | 8.91 d ± 1.13 | 13 | 0.47 b ± 0.06 | 12 |
LK | 22.59 c ± 2.50 | 11 | 4.20 ab ± 0.30 | 7 | 0.19 bc ± 0.04 | 19 | 10.09 bc ± 1.76 | 17 | 0.45 b ± 0.11 | 23 |
AH | 20.97 d ± 1.80 | 9 | 3.42 e ± 0.31 | 9 | 0.16 def ± 0.02 | 11 | 9.97 c ± 1.37 | 14 | 0.48 b ± 0.06 | 12 |
BA | 22.77 c ± 2.02 | 9 | 4.06 b ± 0.20 | 5 | 0.18 cde ± 0.02 | 11 | 10.09 bc ± 0.91 | 9 | 0.45 b ± 0.06 | 13 |
VR | 22.34 c ± 2.28 | 10 | 3.61 d ± 0.31 | 8 | 0.16 ef ± 0.02 | 10 | 10.10 bc ± 1.24 | 12 | 0.45 b ± 0.06 | 13 |
JP | 22.62 c ± 4.09 | 18 | 3.36 e ± 0.41 | 12 | 0.16 ef ± 0.11 | 69 | 10.03 c ± 1.58 | 16 | 0.48 b ± 0.33 | 69 |
UD | 15.74 f ± 2.45 | 16 | 4.14 ab ± 0.64 | 15 | 0.27 a ± 0.05 | 17 | 7.53 e ± 2.10 | 28 | 0.48 b ± 0.11 | 23 |
Overall mean | 21.62 | 3.78 | 0.18 | 9.75 | 0.46 |
Seed or Pod Trait |
Trait Abbreviation |
Provenance | Replication | Error | Variance Estimates |
Provenance variation contributing to the total variation (%) |
|
Provenance (σ2prov) | Error (σ2e) | ||||||
(d.f.:11) | (d.f.:3) | (d.f.:1185) | |||||
Seed length (cm) | SL | 0.399 *** | 0.011 ns | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 31.38 |
Seed width (cm) | SW | 0.184 *** | 0.007 ns | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 24.47 |
Seed width / Seed length | SW/SL | 0.19 *** | 0.002 ns | 0.009 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 17.11 |
Seed length × Seed width | SL× SW | 0.576 *** | 0.022 ns | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 32.47 |
Pod length (cm) | PL | 813.329 *** | 8.156 ns | 5.565 | 8.08 | 5.57 | 59.18 |
Pod width (cm) | PW | 23.84 *** | 0.249 ns | 0.126 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 65.20 |
Pod Width / Pod length | PW/PL | 0.109 *** | 0.002 ns | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 40.25 |
No of seeds / pod | NSPP | 130.699 *** | 2.116 ns | 1.816 | 1.29 | 1.82 | 41.49 |
No of seeds per pod / Pod length | NSPP/PL | 0.162 *** | 0.005 ns | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 10.15 |
(d.f.:11) | (d.f.:7) | (d.f.:77) | |||||
1000 Seed weight (g) | TSW | 4042.695 *** | 13.778 ns | 13.929 | 503.597 | 13.916 | 97.31 |
(d.f.:11) | (d.f.:3) | (d.f.:33) | |||||
Seed moisture% | SMP | 16.079 *** | 0.0521 ns | 0.245 | 3.963 | 0.229 | 94.55 |
Insect infected seeds % | IIS | 338.393 *** | 0.439 ns | 4.552 | 83.546 | 4.209 | 95.20 |
Seed germination % | SGP | 799.367 *** | 18.283 ns | 8.602 | 197.489 | 9.409 | 95.45 |
Seed germination value | SGV | 330.889 *** | 10.508 * | 2.814 | 81.858 | 3.456 | 95.95 |
Provenance | 1000 Seed weight (g) | Seed length (cm) | Seed width (cm) | Seed width / Seed length | Seed length×Seed width | Seed moisture% | Insect infected seeds % | Seed Germination % | Seed Germination Value | |||||||||
Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | Mean ± SD | CV | |
RS | 112.02 d ± 3.26 | 2.91 | 0.88 de ± 0.11 | 12.72 | 0.70 e ± 0.07 | 10.20 | 0.81 de ± 0.10 | 12.51 | 0.62 def ± 0.12 | 19.18 | 18.74 f ± 0.53 | 3 | 14.43 d ± 1.46 | 10 | 45.86 b ± 2.91 | 6 | 7.48 c ± 1.29 | 17 |
HP | 155.82 a ± 3.91 | 2.51 | 0.90 cd ± 0.07 | 7.76 | 0.69 ef ± 0.07 | 9.45 | 0.77 e ± 0.07 | 8.88 | 0.62 def ± 0.09 | 14.73 | 22.40 bc ± 0.47 | 2 | 7.79 e ± 2.74 | 35 | 75.17 a ± 3.17 | 4 | 31.97 a ± 4.20 | 13 |
PI | 105.27 e ± 2.09 | 1.99 | 0.85 ef ± 0.07 | 8.75 | 0.69 ef ± 0.07 | 9.53 | 0.81 cde ± 0.11 | 13.26 | 0.59 efg ± 0.07 | 12.55 | 18.88 f ± 0.31 | 2 | 10.05 de ± 3.11 | 31 | 29.03 ef ± 4.16 | 14 | 1.14 ef ± 0.58 | 51 |
NF | 106.14 de ± 2.29 | 2.16 | 0.82 fg ± 0.06 | 7.50 | 0.66 f ± 0.07 | 11.29 | 0.80 e ± 0.09 | 11.04 | 0.54 g ± 0.08 | 15.64 | 21.68 bcd ± 0.26 | 1 | 12.08 de ± 2.42 | 20 | 43.57 bc ± 1.19 | 3 | 5.64 cde ± 0.58 | 10 |
MO | 107.50 de ± 3.62 | 3.37 | 0.84 efg ± 0.08 | 9.27 | 0.74 cd ± 0.06 | 8.59 | 0.88 a ± 0.08 | 9.15 | 0.63 de ± 0.09 | 14.99 | 21.43 cd ± 0.31 | 1 | 8.00 e ± 1.74 | 22 | 50.50 b ± 3.30 | 7 | 14.24 b ± 1.71 | 12 |
SH | 103.08 e ± 2.13 | 2.07 | 0.93 bc ± 0.10 | 10.43 | 0.72 de ± 0.07 | 9.10 | 0.78 e ± 0.11 | 13.64 | 0.67 cd ± 0.09 | 13.99 | 20.51 de ± 0.42 | 2 | 19.58 c ± 1.12 | 6 | 36.71 cd ± 1.84 | 5 | 6.37 cd ± 0.73 | 12 |
LK | 143.52 b ± 5.79 | 4.03 | 0.99 a ± 0.14 | 14.49 | 0.71 de ± 0.09 | 13.17 | 0.72 f ± 0.10 | 13.99 | 0.71 bc ± 0.16 | 23.35 | 22.75 b ± 0.25 | 1 | 10.37 de ± 0.78 | 8 | 34.51 de ± 4.73 | 14 | 1.96 def ± 0.82 | 42 |
AH | 131.33 c ± 3.50 | 2.66 | 0.96 ab ± 0.07 | 7.55 | 0.78 ab ± 0.06 | 7.44 | 0.81 bcde ± 0.08 | 9.90 | 0.75 ab ± 0.08 | 11.22 | 25.47 a ± 0.35 | 1 | 23.52 bc ± 2.16 | 9 | 24.09 f ± 2.32 | 10 | 0.59 f ± 0.16 | 27 |
BA | 127.60 c ± 2.91 | 2.28 | 0.93 bc ± 0.09 | 9.59 | 0.75 bc ± 0.07 | 9.54 | 0.81 cde± 0.08 | 10.22 | 0.70 bc ± 0.11 | 15.34 | 19.68 ef ± 0.27 | 1 | 21.53 bc ± 1.45 | 7 | 29.57 def ± 3.67 | 12 | 1.43 ef ± 0.81 | 57 |
VR | 84.19 f ± 2.40 | 2.85 | 0.82 fg ± 0.08 | 10.11 | 0.70 e ± 0.07 | 10.19 | 0.86 abc ± 0.11 | 8.71 | 0.56 fg ± 0.13 | 18.23 | 18.95 f ± 0.25 | 1 | 39.21 a ± 2.97 | 8 | 50.48 b ± 2.15 | 4 | 9.59 c ± 2.18 | 23 |
JP | 127.07 c ± 4.81 | 3.78 | 0.81 g ± 0.10 | 12.28 | 0.69 ef ± 0.10 | 14.36 | 0.85 ab ± 0.07 | 13.17 | 0.57 g ± 0.10 | 22.47 | 22.57 bc ± 1.05 | 5 | 21.10 bc ± 1.56 | 7 | 29.16 def ± 0.64 | 2 | 1.07 ef ± 0.28 | 26 |
UD | 156.35 a ± 5.55 | 3.55 | 0.96 ab ± 0.10 | 10.30 | 0.81 a ± 0.08 | 10.10 | 0.85 abcd ± 0.11 | 12.55 | 0.77 a ± 0.13 | 16.25 | 22.05 bc ± 0.62 | 3 | 25.27 b ± 1.52 | 6 | 48.91 b ± 3.89 | 8 | 15.46 b ± 3.45 | 22 |
Overall mean | 121.66 | 0.89 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.64 | 21.26 | 17.74 | 41.46 | 8.08 |
. | ||||||||||||||
Seed traits | TSW (g) | SL (cm) | SW (cm) | SW / SL | SL × SW | SMP (%) | IIS (%) | SGP (%) | SGV (%) | PL (cm) | PW (cm) | PW / PL | NSPP | NSPP / PL |
TSW (g) | 1.00 | |||||||||||||
SL (cm) | 0.61* | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
SW (cm) | 0.43 | 0.64* | 1.00 | |||||||||||
SW / SL | -0.33 | -0.58* | 0.25 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
SL × SW | 0.60* | 0.92** | 0.89** | -0.21 | 1.00 | |||||||||
SMP (%) | 0.59* | 0.39 | 0.33 | -0.14 | 0.41 | 1.00 | ||||||||
IIS (%) | -0.26 | -0.04 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.14 | -0.11 | 1.00 | |||||||
SGP (%) | 0.20 | -0.16 | -0.16 | 0.01 | -0.18 | -0.11 | -0.17 | 1.00 | ||||||
SGV (%) | 0.37 | -0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | -0.01 | 0.05 | -0.21 | 0.96** | 1.00 | |||||
PL (cm) | -0.21 | -0.26 | -0.50 | -0.19 | -0.42 | -0.39 | -0.25 | -0.12 | -0.18 | 1.00 | ||||
PW (cm) | 0.41 | 0.48 | -0.01 | -0.63* | 0.28 | -0.28 | -0.06 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 1.00 | |||
PW / PL | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.45 | -0.23 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.23 | -0.63* | 0.54 | 1.00 | ||
NSPP | -0.23 | -0.24 | -0.65* | -0.40 | -0.47 | -0.26 | -0.11 | -0.24 | -0.34 | 0.79** | 0.38 | -0.40 | 1.00 | |
NSPP / PL | 0.02 | -0.05 | -0.21 | -0.21 | -0.12 | 0.28 | 0.24 | -0.23 | -0.27 | -0.41 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.21 | 1.00 |
Geographical factors | TSW (g) | SL (cm) | SW (cm) | SW / SL | SL ×SW | SMP (%) | IIS (%) | SGP (%) | SGV (%) | PL (cm) | PW (cm) | PW / PL | NSPP | NSPP / PL |
Altitude | -0.001 | -0.394 | -0.185 | 0.279 | -0.324 | -0.041 | -0.376 | 0.070 | 0.071 | -0.254 | -0.138 | 0.189 | -0.109 | 0.305 |
Rainfall | -0.109 | 0.036 | -0.382 | -0.464 | -0.171 | -0.044 | -0.447 | -0.105 | -0.241 | -0.092 | 0.046 | 0.004 | 0.254 | 0.462 |
Latitude | -0.277 | -0.174 | -0.550 | -0.379 | -0.405 | -0.306 | -0.653* | 0.251 | 0.168 | 0.564 | 0.128 | -0.493 | 0.484 | -0.273 |
Longitude | -0.252 | 0.199 | -0.085 | -0.330 | 0.066 | 0.041 | -0.038 | -0.414 | -0.441 | 0.128 | -0.196 | -0.386 | 0.193 | 0.009 |
Annual mean temperature | 0.213 | 0.236 | -0.054 | -0.372 | 0.129 | 0.001 | 0.485 | -0.241 | -0.244 | 0.171 | 0.654* | 0.403 | 0.518 | 0.514 |
Mean diurnal range | 0.234 | 0.109 | -0.108 | -0.274 | 0.025 | 0.042 | 0.467 | -0.098 | -0.078 | 0.123 | 0.600* | 0.427 | 0.455 | 0.518 |
Isothermality | 0.441 | 0.336 | 0.265 | -0.153 | 0.351 | 0.166 | 0.369 | -0.276 | -0.165 | -0.316 | 0.430 | 0.691* | -0.047 | 0.499 |
Temperature seasonality | -0.306 | -0.259 | -0.513 | -0.232 | -0.425 | -0.250 | 0.004 | 0.176 | 0.091 | 0.694* | 0.262 | -0.434 | 0.707* | -0.107 |
Max temperature of warmest month | 0.178 | 0.185 | -0.130 | -0.390 | 0.058 | -0.021 | 0.441 | -0.169 | -0.183 | 0.238 | 0.662* | 0.345 | 0.573 | 0.482 |
Min temperature of coldest month | 0.274 | 0.338 | 0.011 | -0.425 | 0.223 | 0.032 | 0.439 | -0.349 | -0.344 | 0.100 | 0.659* | 0.466 | 0.459 | 0.546 |
Temperature annual range | 0.041 | -0.017 | -0.270 | -0.290 | -0.140 | -0.078 | 0.376 | 0.063 | 0.028 | 0.358 | 0.564 | 0.155 | 0.613* | 0.334 |
Mean temperature of wettest quarter | 0.131 | 0.181 | -0.180 | -0.438 | 0.028 | -0.057 | 0.396 | -0.196 | -0.218 | 0.327 | 0.670* | 0.259 | 0.652* | 0.445 |
Mean temperature of driest quarter | -0.215 | 0.195 | -0.253 | -0.520 | -0.008 | 0.035 | 0.357 | -0.315 | -0.378 | 0.150 | 0.354 | 0.100 | 0.559 | 0.515 |
Mean temperature of warmest quarter | 0.148 | 0.158 | -0.140 | -0.366 | 0.036 | -0.032 | 0.459 | -0.177 | -0.194 | 0.260 | 0.643* | 0.313 | 0.589* | 0.471 |
Mean temperature of coldest quarter | 0.292 | 0.297 | 0.052 | -0.335 | 0.222 | 0.055 | 0.508 | -0.283 | -0.267 | 0.024 | 0.631* | 0.525 | 0.388 | 0.568 |
Annual precipitation | -0.145 | 0.124 | -0.361 | -0.553 | -0.119 | -0.084 | -0.539 | -0.110 | -0.189 | -0.042 | 0.056 | -0.053 | 0.212 | 0.293 |
Precipitation of wettest month | -0.138 | 0.079 | -0.473 | -0.625* | -0.194 | -0.053 | -0.324 | -0.137 | -0.237 | -0.063 | 0.190 | 0.083 | 0.381 | 0.594* |
Precipitation of driest month | -0.335 | -0.366 | -0.262 | 0.181 | -0.372 | -0.175 | -0.680* | 0.247 | 0.218 | 0.094 | -0.469 | -0.509 | -0.145 | -0.409 |
Precipitation seasonality | 0.123 | 0.087 | -0.117 | -0.248 | 0.013 | 0.128 | 0.600* | -0.199 | -0.217 | -0.115 | 0.387 | 0.439 | 0.332 | 0.721** |
Precipitation of wettest Quarter | -0.089 | 0.180 | -0.389 | -0.661* | -0.093 | -0.027 | -0.339 | -0.180 | -0.259 | -0.078 | 0.217 | 0.114 | 0.341 | 0.552 |
Precipitation of driest Quarter | -0.324 | -0.273 | -0.340 | -0.018 | -0.356 | -0.189 | -0.748** | 0.196 | 0.141 | 0.143 | -0.354 | -0.487 | -0.026 | -0.328 |
Precipitation of warmest Quarter | -0.226 | -0.039 | -0.599* | -0.577* | -0.338 | 0.042 | -0.622* | -0.009 | -0.107 | 0.047 | -0.080 | -0.215 | 0.247 | 0.241 |
Precipitation of coldest quarter | -0.311 | -0.261 | -0.276 | 0.041 | -0.318 | -0.243 | -0.728** | 0.266 | 0.215 | 0.209 | -0.320 | -0.504 | -0.070 | -0.496 |
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Andrea Roman
et al.
Diversity,
2022
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