Kinematics of Balls and Light Versus the Theory of Special Relativity

Filip Dambi

doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0218.v2

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preprints.org > physical sciences > theoretical physics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202403.0218.v2

Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Kinematics of Balls and Light Versus the Theory of Special Relativity

Filip Dambi

Version 1 : Received: 27 February 2024 / Approved: 5 March 2024 / Online: 5 March 2024 (06:44:45 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 31 May 2024 / Approved: 31 May 2024 / Online: 3 June 2024 (08:29:24 CEST)

How to cite: Dambi, F. Kinematics of Balls and Light Versus the Theory of Special Relativity. Preprints 2024, 2024030218. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0218.v2 Dambi, F. Kinematics of Balls and Light Versus the Theory of Special Relativity. Preprints 2024, 2024030218. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0218.v2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dambi, F. Kinematics of Balls and Light Versus the Theory of Special Relativity. Preprints 2024, 2024030218. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0218.v2

APA Style

Dambi, F. (2024). Kinematics of Balls and Light Versus the Theory of Special Relativity. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0218.v2

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dambi, F. 2024 "Kinematics of Balls and Light Versus the Theory of Special Relativity" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0218.v2

Abstract

The study of the emission, propagation, and reflection of balls in Newtonian mechanics, applying the laws of conservation of momentum and energy when the mass of the balls converges to zero, concludes that the kinematics of light are like those of massless balls. The kinematics of light explain why the speed of light is the constant c in each inertial frame in which the light source and reflective mirror are at rest, why the laws of physics have the same form in each inertial frame, and why any light experiment in an inertial frame cannot prove the motion of that inertial frame. The following law of mechanics governs the kinematics of balls and electromagnetic radiation: Each inertial frame drags at its velocity the balls and electromagnetic radiation emitted by bodies at rest in that inertial frame. The theory of special relativity misapplies the symmetry observed in phenomena to two inertial frames; therefore, it duplicates a physical phenomenon from one inertial frame, which is considered stationary, into another. There are multiple issues rooted in Lorentz's and Einstein's transformations. For example, transformations offer the speed of light at the constant c in the moving and opposite directions of the inertial frame. At the same time, it is variable in any other direction, converging to infinity. Time contraction in the moving direction of the inertial frame is different from time dilation in the opposite direction. It requires a ruler and time synchronization in each direction. There are no length contractions in Lorentz's and Einstein's transformations to support the fundamental concept of length contraction in special relativity. With these unacceptable conclusions, the theory of special relativity is self-negating.

Keywords

kinematics of balls; kinematics of light; geometrical optics; emission of light; dragging of light; propagation of light; reflection of light; speed of light; observation of light; dragging of light by moving mediums; Lorentz’s transformation; special relativity

Subject

Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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