Article
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Energy Management of Hydrogen Hybrid Electric Vehicles – Online-Capable Control
Version 1
: Received: 12 April 2024 / Approved: 15 April 2024 / Online: 16 April 2024 (16:23:04 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Machacek, D.; Yasar, N.; Widmer, F.; Huber, T.; Onder, C. Energy Management of Hydrogen Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Online-Capable Control. Energies 2024, 17, 2369. Machacek, D.; Yasar, N.; Widmer, F.; Huber, T.; Onder, C. Energy Management of Hydrogen Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Online-Capable Control. Energies 2024, 17, 2369.
Abstract
The results shown in this paper extend our research group's previous work, which presents the theoretically achievable hydrogen engine-out NOx (H2-NOx) Pareto front of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle (H2-HEV). While the Pareto front is calculated offline, which requires significant computing power and time, this work presents an online-capable algorithm to tackle the energy management of a H2-HEV with explicit consideration of the H2-NOx trade-off. Through the inclusion of realistic predictive data on the upcoming driving mission, a model predictive control algorithm (MPC) is utilized to effectively tackle the conflicting goal of achieving low hydrogen consumption while simultaneously minimizing the NOx. In a case study it is shown that the MPC is able to satisfy user-defined NOx limits over the course of various driving missions. Moreover, a comparison to the optimal Pareto front highlights the MPC's ability to achieve close-to-optimal fuel-performance for any desired cumulated NOx target on four realistic routes for passenger cars.
Keywords
Hydrogen internal combustion engine; Hybrid electric vehicle; H2-NOx trade-off; Extremely low NOx; Energy management
Subject
Engineering, Control and Systems Engineering
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comments (0)
We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.
Leave a public commentSend a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment