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Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits
Version 1
: Received: 21 May 2024 / Approved: 21 May 2024 / Online: 21 May 2024 (11:49:52 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Alharbi, M.; Edwards, G.; Stocker, R. Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits. Electronics 2024, 13, 2760. Alharbi, M.; Edwards, G.; Stocker, R. Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits. Electronics 2024, 13, 2760.
Abstract
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging transistor-less field-coupled nanocomputing (FCN) approach to ultra-scale ‘nanochip’ integration. In QCA, to represent digital circuitry, electrostatic repulsion between electrons and the mechanism of electron tunnelling in quantum dots are used. QCA technology can surpass conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology in terms of clock speed, reduced occupied chip area, and energy efficiency. To develop QCA circuits, irreversible majority gates are typically used as the primary components. Recently, some studies have introduced reversible design techniques, using reversible majority gates as the main building block, to develop ultra-energy efficient QCA circuits. However, this approach resulted in time delays, an increase in the number of QCA cells used, and an increase in the chip area occupied. This work introduces a novel hybrid design strategy employing QCA irreversible, reversible, and partially reversible gates to establish an optimal balance between power consumption, delay time, and occupied area. The hybrid technique allows the designer to have more control over the circuit characteristics to meet different system needs. A combination of reversible, irreversible, and innovative partially reversible majority gates is used in the proposed hybrid design method. We have evaluated the hybrid design method by examining the half-adder circuit as a case study. We have developed four hybrid QCA half-adder circuits, each of which simultaneously incorporates various types of majority gates. The QCADesigner-E 2.2 simulation tool was used to simulate the performance and energy efficiency of the half-adders. This tool provides numerical results for the circuit input/output response and heat dissipation at the physical level, within a microscopic quantum mechanical model.
Keywords
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA); Hybrid; Half-adder; QCADesigner-E
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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