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Battery energy capacity (kWh) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 |
Current ratio | 1,923 | 3,846 | 5,769 | 7,692 |
Power transfer rate (kW) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ξbat)p (kWh) ↓ | 1 | 5 | 10 | 25 | 50 |
20 | 1.382 | 6.911 | 13.823 | 34.557 | 69.114 |
40 | 0.691 | 3.456 | 6.911 | 17.278 | 34.557 |
60 | 0.461 | 2.304 | 4.608 | 11.519 | 23.038 |
80 | 0.346 | 1.728 | 3.456 | 8.639 | 17.278 |
Power transfer (kW) | Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 |
140 |
150 |
160 |
170 |
180 |
||
1 |
20 | 280.2 | 270.8 | 261.7 | 252.9 | 244.5 | 236.3 |
40 | 350.0 | 344.1 | 338.2 | 332.5 | 326.9 | 321.3 | |
60 | 377.0 | 372.7 | 368.5 | 364.3 | 360.2 | 356.1 | |
80 | 391.3 | 388.0 | 384.7 | 381.4 | 378.1 | 374.9 | |
5 |
20 | 276.7 | 267.2 | 258.0 | 249.2 | 240.6 | 232.4 |
40 | 347.6 | 341.5 | 335.6 | 329.7 | 324.0 | 318.4 | |
60 | 375.1 | 370.7 | 366.4 | 362.1 | 357.9 | 353.7 | |
80 | 389.6 | 386.2 | 382.8 | 379.5 | 376.2 | 372.9 | |
10 |
20 | 275.2 | 265.7 | 256.5 | 247.6 | 239.0 | 230.7 |
40 | 346.5 | 340.4 | 334.4 | 328.5 | 322.8 | 317.1 | |
60 | 374.2 | 369.8 | 365.4 | 361.1 | 356.9 | 352.7 | |
80 | 388.9 | 385.4 | 382.0 | 378.6 | 375.3 | 372.0 | |
25 |
20 | 273.2 | 263.6 | 254.3 | 245.4 | 236.8 | 228.5 |
40 | 345.1 | 338.9 | 332.9 | 326.9 | 321.1 | 315.4 | |
60 | 373.0 | 368.6 | 364.2 | 359.9 | 355.6 | 351.3 | |
80 | 387.9 | 384.4 | 381.0 | 377.6 | 374.2 | 370.8 | |
50 |
20 | 271.7 | 262.1 | 252.7 | 243.8 | 235.1 | 226.8 |
40 | 344.0 | 337.8 | 331.7 | 325.7 | 319.9 | 314.1 | |
60 | 372.2 | 367.7 | 363.3 | 358.9 | 354.6 | 350.3 | |
80 | 387.1 | 383.6 | 380.2 | 376.7 | 373.3 | 369.9 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.831 | 12.400 | 11.983 | 11.580 | 11.191 | 10.816 |
Simulation | 12.831 | 12.400 | 11.984 | 11.582 | 11.194 | 10.818 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9998 | 0.9998 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 32.055 | 31.510 | 30.975 | 30.449 | 29.932 | 29.424 |
Simulation | 32.054 | 31.509 | 30.974 | 30.448 | 29.931 | 29.424 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.791 | 51.202 | 50.619 | 50.044 | 49.475 | 48.913 |
Simulation | 51.791 | 51.202 | 50.620 | 50.045 | 49.477 | 48.916 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.671 | 71.058 | 70.450 | 69.849 | 69.252 | 68.660 |
Simulation | 71.670 | 71.057 | 70.449 | 69.846 | 69.248 | 68.655 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9999 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.673 | 12.236 | 11.823 | 11.410 | 11.018 | 10.640 |
Simulation | 12.671 | 12.240 | 11.815 | 11.420 | 11.031 | 10.656 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9996 | 0.9993 | 0.9990 | 0.9988 | 0.9984 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.831 | 31.274 | 30.730 | 30.196 | 29.671 | 29.155 |
Simulation | 31.828 | 31.283 | 30.748 | 30.222 | 29.705 | 29.198 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9997 | 0.9994 | 0.9991 | 0.9988 | 0.9995 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.515 | 50.918 | 50.325 | 49.739 | 49.160 | 49.588 |
Simulation | 51.518 | 50.929 | 50.347 | 49.772 | 49.204 | 49.643 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9993 | 0.9991 | 0.9989 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.352 | 70.333 | 70.114 | 69.501 | 68.892 | 68.290 |
Simulation | 71.358 | 70.445 | 70.137 | 69.534 | 68.936 | 68.343 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9997 | 0.9995 | 0.9994 | 0.9992 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km)0.999 | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.599 | 12.165 | 11.742 | 11.335 | 10.942 | 10.563 |
Simulation | 12.602 | 12.171 | 11.754 | 11.351 | 10.962 | 10.587 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9994 | 0.9990 | 0.9986 | 0.9981 | 0.9977 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.723 | 31.172 | 30.624 | 30.086 | 29.557 | 29.038 |
Simulation | 31.730 | 31.185 | 30.649 | 30.123 | 29.607 | 29.100 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9992 | 0.9988 | 0.9983 | 0.9979 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.392 | 50.795 | 50.197 | 49.607 | 49.023 | 49.447 |
Simulation | 51.400 | 50.811 | 50.229 | 49.654 | 49.086 | 49..525 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9997 | 0.9994 | 0.9990 | 0.9987 | 0.9984 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.219 | 70.593 | 69.968 | 69.350 | 68.736 | 68.129 |
Simulation | 71.223 | 70.610 | 70.002 | 69.399 | 68.801 | 68.208 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9995 | 0.9993 | 0.9991 | 0.9988 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.509 | 12.070 | 11.646 | 11.236 | 10.841 | 10.460 |
Simulation | 12.511 | 12.080 | 11.663 | 11.260 | 10.871 | 10.496 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9992 | 0.9985 | 0.9979 | 0.9973 | 0.9966 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.600 | 31.036 | 30.483 | 29.940 | 29.407 | 28.883 |
Simulation | 31.599 | 31.054 | 30.519 | 29.993 | 29.476 | 28.969 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 0.9994 | 0.9988 | 0.9982 | 0.9977 | 0.9970 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.235 | 50.631 | 50.027 | 49.431 | 48.841 | 48.259 |
Simulation | 51.243 | 50.654 | 50.072 | 49.497 | 48.929 | 48.368 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9991 | 0.9987 | 0.9982 | 0.9978 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.032 | 70.406 | 69.774 | 69.149 | 68.529 | 67.915 |
Simulation | 71.043 | 70.430 | 69.822 | 69.219 | 68.621 | 68.028 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9997 | 0.9993 | 0.9990 | 0.9987 | 0.9983 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.438 | 11.999 | 11.572 | 11.161 | 10.765 | 10.383 |
Simulation | 12.441 | 12.010 | 11.593 | 11.190 | 10.801 | 10.426 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9990 | 0.9982 | 0.9974 | 0.9966 | 0.9959 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.491 | 30.933 | 30.376 | 29.829 | 29.292 | 28.766 |
Simulation | 31.500 | 30.955 | 30.419 | 29.893 | 29.377 | 28.870 |
Correlation factor | 0.9997 | 0.9993 | 0.9986 | 0.9979 | 0.9971 | 0.9964 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.113 | 50.507 | 49.898 | 49.297 | 48.703 | 48.116 |
Simulation | 51.123 | 50.534 | 49.952 | 49.377 | 48.809 | 48.248 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9995 | 0.9989 | 0.9984 | 0.9978 | 0.9973 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 70.894 | 70.263 | 69.627 | 68.996 | 68.371 | 67.752 |
Simulation | 70.906 | 70.293 | 69.685 | 69.082 | 68.484 | 67.891 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9992 | 0.9988 | 0.9984 | 0.9980 |
Battery energy capacity (kWh) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 |
Power ratio | 45.79 | 91.58 | 137.36 | 183.15 |
Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Electric vehicle energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
20 | 5,391 | 5,806 | 6,220 | 6,635 | 7,050 | 7,464 |
40 | 2,695 | 2,903 | 3,110 | 3,317 | 3,525 | 3,732 |
60 | 1,797 | 1,935 | 2,073 | 2,212 | 2,350 | 2,488 |
80 | 1,348 | 1,451 | 1,555 | 1,659 | 1,762 | 1,866 |
Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Electric vehicle energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
20 | 25.458 | 25.430 | 25.405 | 25.380 | 25.358 | 25.336 |
40 | 25.721 | 25.693 | 25.666 | 25.642 | 25.619 | 25.597 |
60 | 25.876 | 25.847 | 25.821 | 25.796 | 25.773 | 25.751 |
80 | 25.986 | 25.958 | 25.931 | 25.906 | 25.883 | 25.861 |
Power transfer (kW) | Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 |
140 |
150 |
160 |
170 |
180 |
||
1 |
20 | 55.6 | 52.1 | 48.5 | 44.8 | 41.1 | 37.3 |
40 | 77.9 | 76.7 | 74.5 | 72.8 | 71.1 | 69.4 | |
60 | 85.2 | 84.1 | 83.0 | 81.8 | 80.7 | 79.6 | |
80 | 88.9 | 88.1 | 87.2 | 86.4 | 85.5 | 84.7 | |
5 |
20 | 54.6 | 51.0 | 47.4 | 43.7 | 39.9 | 36.1 |
40 | 77.3 | 75.5 | 73.8 | 72.1 | 70.4 | 68.6 | |
60 | 84.8 | 83.6 | 82.5 | 81.3 | 80.1 | 79.0 | |
80 | 88.5 | 87.7 | 86.8 | 85.9 | 85.1 | 84.2 | |
10 |
20 | 54.2 | 50.6 | 46.9 | 43.2 | 39.4 | 35.6 |
40 | 77.0 | 75.3 | 73.5 | 71.8 | 70.0 | 68.3 | |
60 | 84.6 | 83.4 | 82.2 | 81.1 | 79.9 | 78.7 | |
80 | 88.4 | 87.5 | 86.6 | 85.7 | 84.8 | 84.0 | |
25 |
20 | 53.7 | 50.0 | 46.3 | 42.6 | 38.8 | 34.9 |
40 | 76.6 | 74.9 | 73.1 | 71.4 | 69.6 | 67.9 | |
60 | 84.3 | 83.1 | 81.9 | 80.7 | 79.6 | 78.4 | |
80 | 88.1 | 87.2 | 86.3 | 85.5 | 84.6 | 83.7 | |
50 |
20 | 53.2 | 49.6 | 45.9 | 42.1 | 38.3 | 34.4 |
40 | 76.4 | 74.6 | 72.8 | 71.1 | 69.3 | 67.5 | |
60 | 84.1 | 82.9 | 81.7 | 80.5 | 79.3 | 78.1 | |
80 | 87.9 | 87.0 | 86.2 | 85.3 | 84.4 | 83.5 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Submitted:
21 May 2024
Posted:
22 May 2024
You are already at the latest version
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
21 May 2024
Posted:
22 May 2024
You are already at the latest version
Battery energy capacity (kWh) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 |
Current ratio | 1,923 | 3,846 | 5,769 | 7,692 |
Power transfer rate (kW) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ξbat)p (kWh) ↓ | 1 | 5 | 10 | 25 | 50 |
20 | 1.382 | 6.911 | 13.823 | 34.557 | 69.114 |
40 | 0.691 | 3.456 | 6.911 | 17.278 | 34.557 |
60 | 0.461 | 2.304 | 4.608 | 11.519 | 23.038 |
80 | 0.346 | 1.728 | 3.456 | 8.639 | 17.278 |
Power transfer (kW) | Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 |
140 |
150 |
160 |
170 |
180 |
||
1 |
20 | 280.2 | 270.8 | 261.7 | 252.9 | 244.5 | 236.3 |
40 | 350.0 | 344.1 | 338.2 | 332.5 | 326.9 | 321.3 | |
60 | 377.0 | 372.7 | 368.5 | 364.3 | 360.2 | 356.1 | |
80 | 391.3 | 388.0 | 384.7 | 381.4 | 378.1 | 374.9 | |
5 |
20 | 276.7 | 267.2 | 258.0 | 249.2 | 240.6 | 232.4 |
40 | 347.6 | 341.5 | 335.6 | 329.7 | 324.0 | 318.4 | |
60 | 375.1 | 370.7 | 366.4 | 362.1 | 357.9 | 353.7 | |
80 | 389.6 | 386.2 | 382.8 | 379.5 | 376.2 | 372.9 | |
10 |
20 | 275.2 | 265.7 | 256.5 | 247.6 | 239.0 | 230.7 |
40 | 346.5 | 340.4 | 334.4 | 328.5 | 322.8 | 317.1 | |
60 | 374.2 | 369.8 | 365.4 | 361.1 | 356.9 | 352.7 | |
80 | 388.9 | 385.4 | 382.0 | 378.6 | 375.3 | 372.0 | |
25 |
20 | 273.2 | 263.6 | 254.3 | 245.4 | 236.8 | 228.5 |
40 | 345.1 | 338.9 | 332.9 | 326.9 | 321.1 | 315.4 | |
60 | 373.0 | 368.6 | 364.2 | 359.9 | 355.6 | 351.3 | |
80 | 387.9 | 384.4 | 381.0 | 377.6 | 374.2 | 370.8 | |
50 |
20 | 271.7 | 262.1 | 252.7 | 243.8 | 235.1 | 226.8 |
40 | 344.0 | 337.8 | 331.7 | 325.7 | 319.9 | 314.1 | |
60 | 372.2 | 367.7 | 363.3 | 358.9 | 354.6 | 350.3 | |
80 | 387.1 | 383.6 | 380.2 | 376.7 | 373.3 | 369.9 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.831 | 12.400 | 11.983 | 11.580 | 11.191 | 10.816 |
Simulation | 12.831 | 12.400 | 11.984 | 11.582 | 11.194 | 10.818 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9998 | 0.9998 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 32.055 | 31.510 | 30.975 | 30.449 | 29.932 | 29.424 |
Simulation | 32.054 | 31.509 | 30.974 | 30.448 | 29.931 | 29.424 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.791 | 51.202 | 50.619 | 50.044 | 49.475 | 48.913 |
Simulation | 51.791 | 51.202 | 50.620 | 50.045 | 49.477 | 48.916 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 |
Power transfer: 1 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.671 | 71.058 | 70.450 | 69.849 | 69.252 | 68.660 |
Simulation | 71.670 | 71.057 | 70.449 | 69.846 | 69.248 | 68.655 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9999 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.673 | 12.236 | 11.823 | 11.410 | 11.018 | 10.640 |
Simulation | 12.671 | 12.240 | 11.815 | 11.420 | 11.031 | 10.656 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9996 | 0.9993 | 0.9990 | 0.9988 | 0.9984 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.831 | 31.274 | 30.730 | 30.196 | 29.671 | 29.155 |
Simulation | 31.828 | 31.283 | 30.748 | 30.222 | 29.705 | 29.198 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9997 | 0.9994 | 0.9991 | 0.9988 | 0.9995 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.515 | 50.918 | 50.325 | 49.739 | 49.160 | 49.588 |
Simulation | 51.518 | 50.929 | 50.347 | 49.772 | 49.204 | 49.643 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9993 | 0.9991 | 0.9989 |
Power transfer: 5 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.352 | 70.333 | 70.114 | 69.501 | 68.892 | 68.290 |
Simulation | 71.358 | 70.445 | 70.137 | 69.534 | 68.936 | 68.343 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9997 | 0.9995 | 0.9994 | 0.9992 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km)0.999 | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.599 | 12.165 | 11.742 | 11.335 | 10.942 | 10.563 |
Simulation | 12.602 | 12.171 | 11.754 | 11.351 | 10.962 | 10.587 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9994 | 0.9990 | 0.9986 | 0.9981 | 0.9977 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.723 | 31.172 | 30.624 | 30.086 | 29.557 | 29.038 |
Simulation | 31.730 | 31.185 | 30.649 | 30.123 | 29.607 | 29.100 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9992 | 0.9988 | 0.9983 | 0.9979 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.392 | 50.795 | 50.197 | 49.607 | 49.023 | 49.447 |
Simulation | 51.400 | 50.811 | 50.229 | 49.654 | 49.086 | 49..525 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9997 | 0.9994 | 0.9990 | 0.9987 | 0.9984 |
Power transfer: 10 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.219 | 70.593 | 69.968 | 69.350 | 68.736 | 68.129 |
Simulation | 71.223 | 70.610 | 70.002 | 69.399 | 68.801 | 68.208 |
Correlation factor | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.9995 | 0.9993 | 0.9991 | 0.9988 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.509 | 12.070 | 11.646 | 11.236 | 10.841 | 10.460 |
Simulation | 12.511 | 12.080 | 11.663 | 11.260 | 10.871 | 10.496 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9992 | 0.9985 | 0.9979 | 0.9973 | 0.9966 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.600 | 31.036 | 30.483 | 29.940 | 29.407 | 28.883 |
Simulation | 31.599 | 31.054 | 30.519 | 29.993 | 29.476 | 28.969 |
Correlation factor | 1.0000 | 0.9994 | 0.9988 | 0.9982 | 0.9977 | 0.9970 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.235 | 50.631 | 50.027 | 49.431 | 48.841 | 48.259 |
Simulation | 51.243 | 50.654 | 50.072 | 49.497 | 48.929 | 48.368 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9991 | 0.9987 | 0.9982 | 0.9978 |
Power transfer: 25 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 71.032 | 70.406 | 69.774 | 69.149 | 68.529 | 67.915 |
Simulation | 71.043 | 70.430 | 69.822 | 69.219 | 68.621 | 68.028 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9997 | 0.9993 | 0.9990 | 0.9987 | 0.9983 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 20 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 12.438 | 11.999 | 11.572 | 11.161 | 10.765 | 10.383 |
Simulation | 12.441 | 12.010 | 11.593 | 11.190 | 10.801 | 10.426 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9990 | 0.9982 | 0.9974 | 0.9966 | 0.9959 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 40 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 31.491 | 30.933 | 30.376 | 29.829 | 29.292 | 28.766 |
Simulation | 31.500 | 30.955 | 30.419 | 29.893 | 29.377 | 28.870 |
Correlation factor | 0.9997 | 0.9993 | 0.9986 | 0.9979 | 0.9971 | 0.9964 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 60 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 51.113 | 50.507 | 49.898 | 49.297 | 48.703 | 48.116 |
Simulation | 51.123 | 50.534 | 49.952 | 49.377 | 48.809 | 48.248 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9995 | 0.9989 | 0.9984 | 0.9978 | 0.9973 |
Power transfer: 50 kW | Battery energy capacity: 80 kWh | |||||
Energy rate (Wh/km) | ||||||
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
Estimated | 70.894 | 70.263 | 69.627 | 68.996 | 68.371 | 67.752 |
Simulation | 70.906 | 70.293 | 69.685 | 69.082 | 68.484 | 67.891 |
Correlation factor | 0.9998 | 0.9996 | 0.9992 | 0.9988 | 0.9984 | 0.9980 |
Battery energy capacity (kWh) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 |
Power ratio | 45.79 | 91.58 | 137.36 | 183.15 |
Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Electric vehicle energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
20 | 5,391 | 5,806 | 6,220 | 6,635 | 7,050 | 7,464 |
40 | 2,695 | 2,903 | 3,110 | 3,317 | 3,525 | 3,732 |
60 | 1,797 | 1,935 | 2,073 | 2,212 | 2,350 | 2,488 |
80 | 1,348 | 1,451 | 1,555 | 1,659 | 1,762 | 1,866 |
Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Electric vehicle energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | |
20 | 25.458 | 25.430 | 25.405 | 25.380 | 25.358 | 25.336 |
40 | 25.721 | 25.693 | 25.666 | 25.642 | 25.619 | 25.597 |
60 | 25.876 | 25.847 | 25.821 | 25.796 | 25.773 | 25.751 |
80 | 25.986 | 25.958 | 25.931 | 25.906 | 25.883 | 25.861 |
Power transfer (kW) | Battery energy capacity (kWh) | Energy rate (Wh/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
130 |
140 |
150 |
160 |
170 |
180 |
||
1 |
20 | 55.6 | 52.1 | 48.5 | 44.8 | 41.1 | 37.3 |
40 | 77.9 | 76.7 | 74.5 | 72.8 | 71.1 | 69.4 | |
60 | 85.2 | 84.1 | 83.0 | 81.8 | 80.7 | 79.6 | |
80 | 88.9 | 88.1 | 87.2 | 86.4 | 85.5 | 84.7 | |
5 |
20 | 54.6 | 51.0 | 47.4 | 43.7 | 39.9 | 36.1 |
40 | 77.3 | 75.5 | 73.8 | 72.1 | 70.4 | 68.6 | |
60 | 84.8 | 83.6 | 82.5 | 81.3 | 80.1 | 79.0 | |
80 | 88.5 | 87.7 | 86.8 | 85.9 | 85.1 | 84.2 | |
10 |
20 | 54.2 | 50.6 | 46.9 | 43.2 | 39.4 | 35.6 |
40 | 77.0 | 75.3 | 73.5 | 71.8 | 70.0 | 68.3 | |
60 | 84.6 | 83.4 | 82.2 | 81.1 | 79.9 | 78.7 | |
80 | 88.4 | 87.5 | 86.6 | 85.7 | 84.8 | 84.0 | |
25 |
20 | 53.7 | 50.0 | 46.3 | 42.6 | 38.8 | 34.9 |
40 | 76.6 | 74.9 | 73.1 | 71.4 | 69.6 | 67.9 | |
60 | 84.3 | 83.1 | 81.9 | 80.7 | 79.6 | 78.4 | |
80 | 88.1 | 87.2 | 86.3 | 85.5 | 84.6 | 83.7 | |
50 |
20 | 53.2 | 49.6 | 45.9 | 42.1 | 38.3 | 34.4 |
40 | 76.4 | 74.6 | 72.8 | 71.1 | 69.3 | 67.5 | |
60 | 84.1 | 82.9 | 81.7 | 80.5 | 79.3 | 78.1 | |
80 | 87.9 | 87.0 | 86.2 | 85.3 | 84.4 | 83.5 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Hengqing Tian
et al.
Energies,
2021
Qingxin Zeng
et al.
Applied Sciences,
2021
Muhammad Aziz
et al.
Energies,
2015
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