Kwok, C.S.; Alisiddiq, Z.; Will, M.; Schwarz, K.; Khoo, C.; Large, A.; Butler, R.; Lip, G.Y.H.; Qureshi, A.I.; Borovac, J.A. The Modified Risk of Paradoxical Embolism Score Is Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide US Analysis. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.2024, 11, 213.
Kwok, C.S.; Alisiddiq, Z.; Will, M.; Schwarz, K.; Khoo, C.; Large, A.; Butler, R.; Lip, G.Y.H.; Qureshi, A.I.; Borovac, J.A. The Modified Risk of Paradoxical Embolism Score Is Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide US Analysis. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11, 213.
Kwok, C.S.; Alisiddiq, Z.; Will, M.; Schwarz, K.; Khoo, C.; Large, A.; Butler, R.; Lip, G.Y.H.; Qureshi, A.I.; Borovac, J.A. The Modified Risk of Paradoxical Embolism Score Is Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide US Analysis. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.2024, 11, 213.
Kwok, C.S.; Alisiddiq, Z.; Will, M.; Schwarz, K.; Khoo, C.; Large, A.; Butler, R.; Lip, G.Y.H.; Qureshi, A.I.; Borovac, J.A. The Modified Risk of Paradoxical Embolism Score Is Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide US Analysis. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11, 213.
Abstract
Background: The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score was developed to identify stroke-related patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the 2016 to 2020 National Inpatient Sample to determine the performance of modified RoPE score for PFO presence in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Results: A total of 3,338,805 hospital admissions for AIS were analysed and 3.0% had PFO. Patients with PFO were younger compared to those without PFO (median 63 years vs. 71 years, p<0.001) and fewer were female (46.1% vs. 49.7%, p<0.001). The patients with PFO had greater mean modified RoPE score (4.0 vs. 3.3, p<0.001). The area under the curve for the RoPE score in predicting PFO was 0.625 (95%CI 0.620-0.629). The best diagnostic power of the RoPE score was achieved with a cut point of ≥4 where the sensitivity was 55% and the specificity was 64.2%. A cut point of ≥5 increased specificity (83.1%) at the expense of sensitivity (35.8%). The strongest predictor of PFO was deep vein thrombosis (OR 3.97, 95%CI 3.76-4.20). Conclusions: The modified RoPE score had modest predictive value in identifying patients with PFO among patients admitted with AIS.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
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