Converting Candlenut Shell Waste into Graphene for Electrode Applications

How to cite: Siburian, R.; Tarigan, K.; Manik, Y. G. O.; Hutagalung, F.; Alias, Y.; Chan, Y. C.; Chang, B. P.; Siow, J.; Ong, A. J.; Huang, J.; Paiman, S.; Goh, B. T.; Simatupang, L.; Goei, R.; Tok, A. I. Y.; Raja, Y. M. F. Z.; Bahfie, F. Converting Candlenut Shell Waste into Graphene for Electrode Applications. Preprints 2024, 2024061537. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1537.v1 Siburian, R.; Tarigan, K.; Manik, Y. G. O.; Hutagalung, F.; Alias, Y.; Chan, Y. C.; Chang, B. P.; Siow, J.; Ong, A. J.; Huang, J.; Paiman, S.; Goh, B. T.; Simatupang, L.; Goei, R.; Tok, A. I. Y.; Raja, Y. M. F. Z.; Bahfie, F. Converting Candlenut Shell Waste into Graphene for Electrode Applications. Preprints 2024, 2024061537. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1537.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Siburian, R.; Tarigan, K.; Manik, Y. G. O.; Hutagalung, F.; Alias, Y.; Chan, Y. C.; Chang, B. P.; Siow, J.; Ong, A. J.; Huang, J.; Paiman, S.; Goh, B. T.; Simatupang, L.; Goei, R.; Tok, A. I. Y.; Raja, Y. M. F. Z.; Bahfie, F. Converting Candlenut Shell Waste into Graphene for Electrode Applications. Preprints 2024, 2024061537. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1537.v1

APA Style

Siburian, R., Tarigan, K., Manik, Y. G. O., Hutagalung, F., Alias, Y., Chan, Y. C., Chang, B. P., Siow, J., Ong, A. J., Huang, J., Paiman, S., Goh, B. T., Simatupang, L., Goei, R., Tok, A. I. Y., Raja, Y. M. F. Z., & Bahfie, F. (2024). Converting Candlenut Shell Waste into Graphene for Electrode Applications. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1537.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siburian, R., Yahya Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja and Fathan Bahfie. 2024 "Converting Candlenut Shell Waste into Graphene for Electrode Applications" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1537.v1

Abstract

Graphene was synthesized through a two-step pyrolysis method using waste candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus) shells as the precursor. Cerium (Ce)/graphene composites were prepared via an impregnation technique. The resulting graphene and Ce/graphene were characterized using various analytical methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV). The bio-carbon produced predominantly exhibited a graphene structure with flat carbon morphology and an interlayer distance of 0.33 nm. This structural information is supported by XRD data, which shows a broad and weak peak at 2θ = 26° corresponding to the C (002) plane, indicative of graphene presence. FTIR, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of graphene through the detection of Csp2 aromatic bonds and the characteristic D, G, and 2D peaks. Notably, the performance of cerium can be enhanced by the incorporation of graphene, attributed to the large surface area and chemical interactions between Ce and graphene. Consequently, candlenut-derived graphene shows potential as a supportive material for modifying the properties of cerium, thereby opening avenues for various advanced applications, such as sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems.

Keywords

graphene; candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus) shell; Ce/graphene; carbon large scale production; energy storage electrodes

Subject

Engineering, Other

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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