Version 1
: Received: 8 July 2024 / Approved: 9 July 2024 / Online: 10 July 2024 (11:56:51 CEST)
How to cite:
Muvunyi, C. M.; Ngabonziza, J. C. S.; Florence, M.; Mukagatare, I.; Twagirumukiza, M.; Ahmed, A.; Siddig, E. E. Uncovering the Diversity and Distribution of Fungal Infections in Rwanda: Assessing Risks and Documenting Knowledge and Policy Gaps. Preprints2024, 2024070756. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0756.v1
Muvunyi, C. M.; Ngabonziza, J. C. S.; Florence, M.; Mukagatare, I.; Twagirumukiza, M.; Ahmed, A.; Siddig, E. E. Uncovering the Diversity and Distribution of Fungal Infections in Rwanda: Assessing Risks and Documenting Knowledge and Policy Gaps. Preprints 2024, 2024070756. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0756.v1
Muvunyi, C. M.; Ngabonziza, J. C. S.; Florence, M.; Mukagatare, I.; Twagirumukiza, M.; Ahmed, A.; Siddig, E. E. Uncovering the Diversity and Distribution of Fungal Infections in Rwanda: Assessing Risks and Documenting Knowledge and Policy Gaps. Preprints2024, 2024070756. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0756.v1
APA Style
Muvunyi, C. M., Ngabonziza, J. C. S., Florence, M., Mukagatare, I., Twagirumukiza, M., Ahmed, A., & Siddig, E. E. (2024). Uncovering the Diversity and Distribution of Fungal Infections in Rwanda: Assessing Risks and Documenting Knowledge and Policy Gaps. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0756.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Muvunyi, C. M., Ayman Ahmed and Emmanuel Edwar Siddig. 2024 "Uncovering the Diversity and Distribution of Fungal Infections in Rwanda: Assessing Risks and Documenting Knowledge and Policy Gaps" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.0756.v1
Abstract
Fungal infections (FIs) are spreading globally causing a significant public health concern. However, its documentation remains sparse in Africa, particularly in Rwanda. This literature review, aims to assess the risk and document current gaps in evidence and policy. It summarizes the published data about FIs in Rwanda, including ten reports published between 1972-and-2022. Blastomyces, Candida, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Microsporum, Pneumocystis, Rhinosporidium, and Trichophyton caused human infections. These infections primarily affected the brain, respiratory, urinary and reproductive organs, and they were diagnosed using culturing, histopathology, immunology, and/or microscopic techniques. Our findings provide an overview of the diversity and distribution of FIs, highlighting significant limitations in the country’s diagnostic capacity and surveillance system for FIs. Also, indicating severe gaps in evidence to inform policymaking, guide strategic planning and intervention, underscoring the urgent need to build national capacity in fungal diagnosis, surveillance, and research. Raising awareness among the public, scientific community, healthcare providers, and policymakers remains crucial. Furthermore, this report reveals the threats of FIs on public health and food insecurity in Rwanda. A Multisectoral One Health Strategy is essential in research and intervention to determine and reduce the health and safety impacts of fungal pathogens on human, animal, and the environment.
Keywords
Fungal infections; Human; Soil; Plants; Public health; Healthcare; One Health; Global Health; Food Insecurity; Africa
Subject
Public Health and Healthcare, Public, Environmental and Occupational Health
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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