Version 1
: Received: 18 July 2024 / Approved: 18 July 2024 / Online: 18 July 2024 (14:47:56 CEST)
How to cite:
Rubio-Casillas, A.; Fabrowski, M.; Brogna, C.; Cowley, D.; Redwan, E. M.; Uversky, V. N. Could the Spike Protein Derived from mRNA Vaccines Negatively Impact Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut?. Preprints2024, 2024071505. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.1505.v1
Rubio-Casillas, A.; Fabrowski, M.; Brogna, C.; Cowley, D.; Redwan, E. M.; Uversky, V. N. Could the Spike Protein Derived from mRNA Vaccines Negatively Impact Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut?. Preprints 2024, 2024071505. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.1505.v1
Rubio-Casillas, A.; Fabrowski, M.; Brogna, C.; Cowley, D.; Redwan, E. M.; Uversky, V. N. Could the Spike Protein Derived from mRNA Vaccines Negatively Impact Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut?. Preprints2024, 2024071505. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.1505.v1
APA Style
Rubio-Casillas, A., Fabrowski, M., Brogna, C., Cowley, D., Redwan, E. M., & Uversky, V. N. (2024). Could the Spike Protein Derived from mRNA Vaccines Negatively Impact Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut?. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.1505.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Rubio-Casillas, A., Elrashdy M. Redwan and Vladimir N. Uversky. 2024 "Could the Spike Protein Derived from mRNA Vaccines Negatively Impact Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut?" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.1505.v1
Abstract
The emergence of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has opened a new page in vaccine development; nevertheless, concerns of the experts have been expressed about unintentional side effects on the gut microbiota (GM). Previous studies showed that this virus acts as a bacteriophage, which infects and destroys specific bacterial strains in the GM. The present manuscript hypothesizes that the synthetic spike protein could create changes in the composition and the functioning of the GM by entering the intestinal cells after vaccination and impairing the symbiotic relationship between intestinal cells and the GM. An experimental protocol to test the hypothesis is suggested.
Keywords
COVID-19; gastrointestinal (GI) tract; gut microbiota; microbiome; mRNA vaccine; SARS-CoV-2; spike protein
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
