Review
Version 1
This version is not peer-reviewed
Low-Resource Time-to-Digital Converters for Field 4 Programmable Gate Arrays: A Review
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and
Version 1
: Received: 20 July 2024 / Approved: 22 July 2024 / Online: 22 July 2024 (14:45:36 CEST)
How to cite: Real, D.; Calvo, D. Low-Resource Time-to-Digital Converters for Field 4 Programmable Gate Arrays: A Review. Preprints 2024, 2024071749. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.1749.v1 Real, D.; Calvo, D. Low-Resource Time-to-Digital Converters for Field 4 Programmable Gate Arrays: A Review. Preprints 2024, 2024071749. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.1749.v1
Abstract
A fundamental aspect in the evolution of Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) implemented within Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), given the increasing demand for detection channels, is the optimization of resource utilization. This study reviews the principal methodologies employed for implementing low-resource TDCs in FPGAs. It outlines the foundational architectures and interpolation techniques utilized to bolster TDC performances without unduly burdening resource consumption. Low-resource Tapped Delay Line, Vernier Ring Oscillator, and Multi-Phase Shift Counter TDCs, including the use of SerDes, are reviewed. Additionally, novel low-resource architectures are scrutinized, including Counter Gray Oscillator TDCs and interpolation expansions using Voltage-Temperature-Consumption stable IODELAYS. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of each approach are critically assessed, with particular emphasis on resolution, precision, non-linearities, and, especially, resource utilization. A comprehensive summary table encapsulating existing works on low-resource TDCs is provided, offering a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the field.
Keywords
Time-to-Digital Converter; Field Programmable Gate Array; Low-resource Time-to-Digital Converters
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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