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Evaluation and Optimization of Intelligent Recommendation System Performance with Cloud Resource Automation Compatibility

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25 July 2024

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26 July 2024

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Abstract
This paper comprehensively explores the integration of cloud computing and advanced recommendation systems, emphasizing their pivotal roles in enhancing user experiences and operational efficiencies across digital platforms. It reviews the evolution of recommendation algorithms, highlighting their application in diverse domains such as e-commerce and media. The study evaluates the performance of advanced models like UniLLMRec against traditional counterparts using datasets from news and e-commerce domains. Additionally, the paper discusses the infrastructure architecture of cloud computing, demonstrating its capability to support scalable and efficient data processing. Through experimental insights and methodology, the research underscores the transformative impact of cloud technologies on optimizing recommendation system performance, thereby advancing digital engagement and competitiveness.
Keywords: 
Subject: Computer Science and Mathematics  -   Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

1. Introduction

With the rapid advancement of digital transformation and continuous innovation in cloud technology, cloud computing has become an indispensable infrastructure across business, government, and personal services. The cloud computing market is segmented into Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service [1] (SaaS), each playing a distinct role and driving growth. IaaS, as the foundation, offers virtualized computing resources, storage, and network services, providing enterprises with a flexible and scalable platform for application deployment. Cloud platforms facilitate centralized data management and analysis, enabling precise user behavior analysis, real-time recommendation strategy adjustments, and enhancing system intelligence and user satisfaction.
This paper examines how cloud computing can enhance the performance and effectiveness of recommendation systems, thus improving user experiences and enterprise competitiveness.

2. Related Work

2.1. Intelligent Recommendation System

A recommendation system is an information filtering system that predicts a user's behavior or preference for an item. [2] Why do we need a recommendation system? Generally speaking, the recommendation system has much data information, far greater than the user's demand. The recommendation system is produced to enable the user to quickly find the information that meets the user's needs from the massive data. Therefore, the recommendation system is used for enormous data information overload, and the amount of data is too small; it is not worth using the recommendation system.
In the early years, users of online shopping platforms needed to go step by step, according to the classification of goods or keyword search, to find their products in the mass of goods. In recent years, on the Double Eleven, ordinary consumers can quickly screen out the goods they want and receive recommendations for goods and live broadcasts that align with their preferences. [3] Later, the rise of AI technology, especially the information flow content recommendation and short video recommendation typical of Toutiao and Douyin, once again helped the recommendation system to improve significantly. Whether it was the product recommendation of shopping platforms, the anchor recommendation of live broadcasting platforms, or the video content recommendation of video platforms, more and more people began to sign that [4] AI knows itself better.AI recommendation systems have also become necessary for Internet companies' business. Data show that on some of the world's large online websites, even if the relevance of the recommended content is only increased by 1%, its sales will increase by billions; the AI recommendation system is undoubtedly a high-value system hidden behind many Internet applications.

2.2. Recommendation System Algorithm

The core of the recommendation system is the recommendation algorithm. The recommendation algorithm can be simplified into a black box, and the input of the black box is various attributes and characteristics of the user and the candidate, including the user's age, gender, purchasing power, and the candidate's content, category, and release time. [5] The output of the black box is a list of recommendations for the user, ranked by preference.
Currently, the main recommendation algorithms include popularity-based algorithms, collaborative filtering algorithms, content-based and model-based algorithms, etc. Different recommendation algorithms have different preferences, advantages, and disadvantages. Still, they are all based on extensive data analysis to predict and recommend users and generate lists of items they may be interested in.
Based on the popularity of the algorithm, the simple version of the implementation can be sorted by the heat, such as the user's likes, comments, and forwarding amount to calculate the heat, and then according to the heat value to recommend sorting, this algorithm is relatively simple, the disadvantage is that the heat needs to be constantly optimized and improved, the need to integrate various factors continually changing, to have a good performance. Cloud computing infrastructure architecture
Cloud computing has become an infrastructure for several reasons:
1. Public cloud accelerates the integrated development of hardware and software and truly promotes the process of T service
Software and hardware integration is one of the development trends of T., the public cloud can be used as the "glue" of software and hardware; through the public cloud, the integration and integration between software and hardware becomes easy public cloud is responsible for managing all hardware resources, the software can be through the interface with the cloud, it can achieve the goal of software and hardware integration.
The industry has recognized the trend of IT as a service for many years; Saas (software as a service), PaaS(platform as a service), PaaS (infrastructure as a service), everything is a service. As software and hardware integration continues to deepen [6], T will be presented to users as services without distinguishing between software and hardware services. No matter what kind of service, you need a carrier, and the public cloud is that carrier.
2. T technology rooted in the public cloud, its application and innovation must rely on the public cloud
Big data, artificial intelligence, and other new technology developments have been rooted in the public cloud; strictly speaking, if you leave the public cloud, there is no significant data and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is based on extensive data development; without the network and data, artificial intelligence will no longer exist. Therefore, artificial intelligence development must also rely on the public cloud [7].
3. Public cloud is the platform of "convergence" and the interface of all "connectivity."
In the era of digital economy, integration is an inevitable trend; hardware and software should be integrated, T products and services should be integrated, industrialization and information technology should be integrated, all links of the industrial chain should be integrated, and industries should be integrated. [10] The development of all kinds of networks provides a channel for integration.
3. Infrastructure framework
The cloud computing infrastructure architecture takes distributed multi-cloud as the core, builds the "one cloud and multiple computing" converged base, relies on the unified management of heterogeneous resources and the distributed task collaboration framework, builds a new service system with AI running through it, supports the integrated carrying capacity of general computing, intelligent computing, supercomputing, and network convergence services, and ensures the availability of full-link services. The hierarchical system of traditional cloud architecture is retained in terms of overall architecture.
The cloud network resource construction emphasizes the distributed optimal layout of multiple types of resource pools. [8] Diversity is noted in the software and hardware resource layer, divided into CPU-based general computing infrastructure and intelligent computing infrastructure dominated by AI-accelerated chips such as GPU[9]. The distributed cloud platform manages multi-dimensional heterogeneous resources in a unified manner and implements efficient collaborative task scheduling. Based on infrastructure architecture, cloud service forms show a trend of generalization and intelligent development, carrying multiple business types and providing rich industrial digital capabilities.
In conclusion, the evolution of intelligent recommendation systems has revolutionized user engagement across various digital platforms, driven by sophisticated algorithms like collaborative filtering and content-based recommendations. [10] These systems have become indispensable for personalized user experiences in e-commerce, content streaming, and social media. Meanwhile, cloud computing has emerged as a robust infrastructure, offering scalable resources and efficient data processing capabilities crucial for supporting these advanced systems. As we move forward, the integration of cloud resource automation stands out as a pivotal factor in enhancing the agility and performance of recommendation systems. The next phase of our exploration will evaluate how automated cloud solutions can optimize these systems, ensuring seamless scalability, reliability, and operational efficiency.

3. Methodology

3.1. Experimental design

1. Data set
The experiment used two datasets related to detailed information about news recommendations and film and television reviews, respectively - MIND and Amazon Review. The former contains News articles and user behavior logs from the Microsoft News website; The latter is collected from Amazon's e-commerce platform and includes user reviews, ratings, and product information.
2. Evaluate indicators
Regarding evaluation indicators, we mainly focus on the performance of Recall and Re-ranking tasks. Indicators such as Recall, Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) [11], and Intra-List Average Distance (ILAD) were used to evaluate the model's performance in the recommendation task.

3.2. Model Comparison

The UniLLMRec framework is also compared to a series of baseline models; These include Popularity-based recommendation (Pop), Factorization Machines (FM), Deep FM, NRMS, SASRec, and LLM-Ranker.
Pop: Rank an item based on its overall user popularity in the user base and recommend the most popular item to the user.
Pros: Simple, easy to implement, and effective for widely popular content.
Disadvantages: Lack of personalization, consideration of user-specific preferences, and inability to satisfy users with specific tastes.
FM: The ability to use factorization parameters to estimate interactions between variables and can handle problems with high sparsity. Because it can combine auxiliary information to overcome the difficulties of cold start and sparse data in a recommendation system, it is a very practical recommendation model
Deep FM: Combines a shallow factorization model with a deep neural network, leveraging both strengths to improve the model's predictive power. This makes it excellent at dealing with complex interactions and sparsity in recommendation systems, especially in scenarios like [12] CTR prediction.
Advantages: The interaction between features can be learned automatically without manually designing the feature interaction. In addition, due to its profound learning nature, Deep FM scales well to large-scale data sets and can adapt to changing data distributions.
NRMS uses a multi-head self-attention mechanism to enhance the performance of the news recommendation system. The model is divided into two main parts: news encoder and user encoder. News encoders use multi-head self-attention to learn the representation of words in news articles. In contrast, user encoders utilize the exact mechanism to capture behavioral patterns and preferences in a user's reading history. In this way, the model can understand and match user interests and relevant news content more accurately.
SASRec is a sequence-based recommendation system that employs a self-attention mechanism to assign weights to past items dynamically in each time step. Its adaptive nature prioritizes long-term dependencies in dense data sets and focuses on recent activity in sparse data sets, contributing to its superior performance.
LLM-Ranker takes advantage of the rich semantic and contextual understanding of LLMS, such as GPT or BERT, to improve ranking tasks in search and recommendation systems, which makes the model more efficient at handling complex user queries and diverse content.

3.3. Performance Comparison

From the direct comparison of the performance of UniLLMRec and traditional recommendation model in MIND and Amazon Review data sets and two indicators, respectively, whether GPT-3.5 or GPT-4 is used as a backbone, UniLLMRec can outperform many traditional models (especially the one with GPT-4 as the backbone) when the proportion of training sets is small, which indicates the advantage of UniLLMRec's zero sample learning cost, and also reflects the effectiveness and relevance of its retrieval and recommendation items.
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Figure 3. Performance Comparison of Recall and NDCG value on MIND and Amazon datasets.
Figure 3. Performance Comparison of Recall and NDCG value on MIND and Amazon datasets.
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3.4. Cloud Computing Deployment

When cloud computing is introduced into the experimental design of a recommendation system, the performance and scalability of the system can be significantly improved. By leveraging the elastic computing resources and efficient storage services provided by cloud computing platforms, we can more efficiently process large-scale data sets, such as MIND and Amazon Review data. During the experiment, the elastic resource characteristics of the cloud computing platform can also automatically adjust the computing resources according to the real-time load, ensuring that the recommendation system can maintain stable performance at peak times. To sum up, the introduction of cloud computing technology can not only optimize the operational efficiency and performance of the recommendation system but also improve the security and reliability of the system, providing a broader and controllable platform for the research and experiment of recommendation algorithms.

3.5. Experimental Conclusion

Although UniLLMRec can complete the entire recommendation process in most cases, the researchers also found some problems during the experiment, such as even if the output format is clearly defined in the prompt template, LLM sometimes does not output items according to the instructions, resulting in the items not being correctly indexed (intention recognition problem); In the user interest modeling stage, LLM can capture and summarize user interest, but in the leaf node retrieval and diversity perception rearrangement stage, there is a risk of including examples in the wrong prompt words into the retrieval process (illusion problem).
The researchers made an interesting observation when comparing GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the Amazon dataset. When GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 reach the wrong child node, GPT-3.5 will usually continue to complete the subsequent process. At the same time, GPT-4 may proactively give a hint that all candidate answers do not meet the requirements (e.g., "Based on the user's interest in UFC and combat sports," None of the Character & Series subcategories provided are relevant "). This suggests GPT-4 is more accurate than GPT-3.5 in capturing user preferences.

4. Conclusions

With the rapid development of information technology, the issue of network security has increasingly become a focal point of global attention. This paper examines the current landscape and challenges of network security, explores the application of deep learning and artificial intelligence in defense strategies, and proposes future-oriented approaches. The continual evolution of cyber threats presents new challenges to traditional cybersecurity defenses. Signature-based methods are inadequate against novel and unidentified network attacks, necessitating the development of advanced defense technologies. As an advanced machine learning technology, deep learning has made significant strides in fields like image recognition and natural language processing.This paper proposes an integrated model of deep learning and artificial intelligence for network security defense, forecasting future trends in defense strategies. Future network security defenses will be more intelligent, automated, and adaptable to evolving network environments. As technology advances, new defense technologies will emerge, bolstering network security.
In conclusion, deep learning and artificial intelligence hold immense potential for enhancing network security defenses. Continued optimization and advancement of these technologies will help establish a more secure and reliable digital environment, supporting the growth of the digital economy. Addressing cyber security challenges requires collaborative efforts from governments, enterprises, academia, and other stakeholders to safeguard cyberspace's security and stability."
This revision improves grammar, coherence, and logical flow while maintaining the original content's meaning and emphasis on the application of deep learning and artificial intelligence in network security.

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