Preprint Article Version 1 This version is not peer-reviewed

Chrono-Nutrition, Chrono-Type, and the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study

Leila Luján-Barroso
,
Hernando J Margara-Escudero
,
Marta Crous-Bou
,
José María Huerta
,
Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
,
Esther Molina-Montes
,
María-José Sánchez
,
Marcela Guevara
,
Conchi Moreno-Iribas
,
Pilar Amiano
,
Olatz Mokoroa
,
Sonia González
,
Antonio Agudo
,
Jose Ramón Quirós
,
Paula Jakszyn
*
Version 1 : Received: 30 July 2024 / Approved: 31 July 2024 / Online: 31 July 2024 (11:14:32 CEST)

How to cite: Luján-Barroso, L.; Margara-Escudero, H. J.; Crous-Bou, M.; Huerta, J. M.; Chirlaque, M.-D.; Molina-Montes, E.; Sánchez, M.-J.; Guevara, M.; Moreno-Iribas, C.; Amiano, P.; Mokoroa, O.; González, S.; Agudo, A.; Quirós, J. R.; Jakszyn, P. Chrono-Nutrition, Chrono-Type, and the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study. Preprints 2024, 2024072513. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2513.v1 Luján-Barroso, L.; Margara-Escudero, H. J.; Crous-Bou, M.; Huerta, J. M.; Chirlaque, M.-D.; Molina-Montes, E.; Sánchez, M.-J.; Guevara, M.; Moreno-Iribas, C.; Amiano, P.; Mokoroa, O.; González, S.; Agudo, A.; Quirós, J. R.; Jakszyn, P. Chrono-Nutrition, Chrono-Type, and the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study. Preprints 2024, 2024072513. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2513.v1

Abstract

Background: It has shown that meal timing, poor sleep quality and chronotype could play a relevant role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship with macronutrients by eating occasions has not been explored deeply. Objective: Our aim was to estimate the association between chrono-nutrition, sleep quality, chronotype and the prevalence of T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a subset of 3465 middle-aged adults (2068 women) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Spain cohort study. In the 2017-18 follow-up, we assessed chronotype, sleep quality, diet, and sociodemographic data by validated questionnaires. Further, we used blood samples to determinate serum levels of glucose. We defined a case of T2DM when serum glucose concentration was ≥126 mg/dl or when participants self-reported diabetes. Results: Higher prevalence of T2DM was associated with poor sleep quality (ORpoorvsgood=2.90, 95%CI=1.30, 6.28). Carbohydrate intake at breakfast was inversely associated with the prevalence of T2DM (OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.66, 0.85). Finally, lipid intake at breakfast were associated with a 13% higher the prevalence of T2DM (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.01, 1.26) for each 1 standard deviation (1-SD) increase. We observed no associations between macronutrient intake at lunch or dinner and T2DM. Conclusions: The study concludes that a breakfast with higher content in carbohydrate at breakfast is correlated with a reduced prevalence of T2DM. While higher lipids intake at breakfast was associated with higher prevalence of T2DM. Furthermore, poor sleep quality is as a potential factor associated with an elevated prevalence of T2DM. Our results emphasize the need for prospective studies to validate and strengthen these observed associations.

Keywords

Chrono-nutrition; type 2 diabetes; meal timing; macronutrients; EPIC-Spain

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Other

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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