Version 1
: Received: 2 August 2024 / Approved: 4 August 2024 / Online: 5 August 2024 (11:02:32 CEST)
How to cite:
FAROOQUI, A. A.; Farooqui, T. Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol-Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Role in Neurological Disorders. Preprints2024, 2024080294. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0294.v1
FAROOQUI, A. A.; Farooqui, T. Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol-Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Role in Neurological Disorders. Preprints 2024, 2024080294. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0294.v1
FAROOQUI, A. A.; Farooqui, T. Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol-Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Role in Neurological Disorders. Preprints2024, 2024080294. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0294.v1
APA Style
FAROOQUI, A. A., & Farooqui, T. (2024). Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol-Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Role in Neurological Disorders. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0294.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
FAROOQUI, A. A. and Tahira Farooqui. 2024 "Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol-Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Role in Neurological Disorders" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0294.v1
Abstract
Neural membranes are composed of phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol and proteins. In re-sponse to cell stimulation or injury, metabolism of lipids generates various lipid mediators, which perform many cellular functions. Thus, phospholipids release arachidonic acid or docosahex-aenoic acid from the sn-2 position of glycerol moiety by the action of phospholipases A2. Ara-chidonic acid is a precursor for prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and lipoxins. Among these mediators, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxane produce neuroinflammation. In contrast, lipoxins produce anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. Prostaglandins, leukotri-enes, and thromboxane are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and blood clotting, and blood vessel permeability. In contrast, DHA-derived lipid mediators are called as specialized pro-resolving lipid metabolites (SPMs). They include resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These mediators regulate immune function by producing anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving, and cell pro-tective effects. Sphingolipid derived-metabolites are ceramide, ceramide1-phosphate, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1 phosphate. They regulate many cellular processes including enzyme activities, cell migration and adhesion, inflammation, and immunity. Cholesterol is metabolized into hy-droxycholesterols and 7-ketocholesterol, which not only disrupts membrane fluidity, but also promotes inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These processes lead to cellular damage.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
