Version 1
: Received: 6 August 2024 / Approved: 6 August 2024 / Online: 6 August 2024 (16:12:13 CEST)
How to cite:
Sekine, Y.; Kawaguchi, M. Formate Emission in the Mainstream Aerosols of Heated Tobacco Products Distributed in Japan. Preprints2024, 2024080433. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0433.v1
Sekine, Y.; Kawaguchi, M. Formate Emission in the Mainstream Aerosols of Heated Tobacco Products Distributed in Japan. Preprints 2024, 2024080433. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0433.v1
Sekine, Y.; Kawaguchi, M. Formate Emission in the Mainstream Aerosols of Heated Tobacco Products Distributed in Japan. Preprints2024, 2024080433. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0433.v1
APA Style
Sekine, Y., & Kawaguchi, M. (2024). Formate Emission in the Mainstream Aerosols of Heated Tobacco Products Distributed in Japan. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0433.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sekine, Y. and Masaki Kawaguchi. 2024 "Formate Emission in the Mainstream Aerosols of Heated Tobacco Products Distributed in Japan" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0433.v1
Abstract
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are newly developed nicotine delivery systems via inhalation of mainstream aerosols generated during the heating of tobacco leaf materials. Previous studies have shown that the amount of chemicals generated is much lower than that generated by conventional combustible cigarettes. However, little attention has been paid to formate, a conjugated base of formic acid with potentially toxic effects on human health. This study aims to understand the actual emission levels of formate in mainstream aerosols produced by commercially available HTP devices in Japan. Aerosols were generated from four types of devices with regular and menthol-type flavours using a vaping machine following the CRM 81 puffing protocol. Formate was tapped in 5 mM sodium carbonate solution and subsequently analysed by ion chromatography. The results showed the total emission amount of formate ranged from 0.0027 ± 0.0031 to 0.27 ± 0.055 mg L-1, varying with heating temperature and flavour type. Moreover, the majority of formate existed as a particulate form due to the weak-basic property of the aerosol, and the formate emission level was much greater than the workplace exposure limit for the direct inhalation of mainstream aerosols. The formate in the mainstream aerosol can be considered a health concern, when using “high-temperature type” HTPs over a long period.
Keywords
Formate; Formic acid; Aerosol; Heated tobacco products; Emission; Ion chromatography
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Pollution
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
