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Exploration of the Commonalities and Specificities in Wheat Respond to Aluminum Toxicity and Low Phosphorus via Transcriptomics and Targeted Metabolomics Study
Luo, D.; Li, Q.; Pang, F.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Xing, Y.; Dong, D. Commonalities and Specificities in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Responses to Aluminum Toxicity and Low Phosphorus Revealed by Transcriptomics and Targeted Metabolomics. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 9273.
Luo, D.; Li, Q.; Pang, F.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Xing, Y.; Dong, D. Commonalities and Specificities in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Responses to Aluminum Toxicity and Low Phosphorus Revealed by Transcriptomics and Targeted Metabolomics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9273.
Luo, D.; Li, Q.; Pang, F.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Xing, Y.; Dong, D. Commonalities and Specificities in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Responses to Aluminum Toxicity and Low Phosphorus Revealed by Transcriptomics and Targeted Metabolomics. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 9273.
Luo, D.; Li, Q.; Pang, F.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Xing, Y.; Dong, D. Commonalities and Specificities in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Responses to Aluminum Toxicity and Low Phosphorus Revealed by Transcriptomics and Targeted Metabolomics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9273.
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity and low phosphorus availability (LP) are the top two co-existing edaphic constraints limiting agriculture productivity in acid soils. Plants have evolved versatile mechanisms to cope with the two stresses alone or simultaneously. However, the specific and common molecular mechanisms, especially those on flavonoids and carbohydrate metabolism, are still unclear. Laboratory studies were conducted on two wheat genotypes, Fielder (Al-tolerant and P-efficient) and Ardito (Al-sensitive and P-inefficient), exposed to 50 μM Al and 2 μM Pi (LP) in hydroponic solutions. After 4 days of stress, wheat roots were analyzed via transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic techniques. A total of 2296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 1535 up and 761 down) under Al and 3029 DEGs (1591 up and 1438 down) under LP were identified in Fielder. Similarly, 4404 DEGs (3191 up and 1213 down) under Al and 1430 DEGs (1176 up and 254 down) under LP were identified in Ardito. The GO annotation analysis results that 4079 DEGs annotated to the metabolic processes term. These DEGs were significantly enriched in the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways by performing the KEGG enrichment analysis. The targeted metabolome analysis detected 19 flavonoids and 15 carbohydrate components in Fielder and Ardito under Al and LP. More responsive genes and metabolites were involved in flavonoid metabolism under LP than Al in the Fielder, while an opposite trend in the Ardito. In the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, the genes and metabolites were higher in Fielder than in Ardito. The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that the flavonoid and carbohydrate genes and metabolites differed between Fielder and Ardito under Al and LP, which may be an important reason for Fielder’s high Al and LP resistance. The results of this study lay a foundation for pyramiding genes and breeding multi-resistance varieties.
Keywords
wheat root; transcriptomic; metabolomic; Al tolerance; P efficiency
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Plant Sciences
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
