Version 1
: Received: 13 August 2024 / Approved: 14 August 2024 / Online: 14 August 2024 (14:18:41 CEST)
How to cite:
Sriramulu, S.; Thoidingjam, S.; Speers, C.; Nyati, S. Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Preprints2024, 2024081061. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1061.v1
Sriramulu, S.; Thoidingjam, S.; Speers, C.; Nyati, S. Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Preprints 2024, 2024081061. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1061.v1
Sriramulu, S.; Thoidingjam, S.; Speers, C.; Nyati, S. Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Preprints2024, 2024081061. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1061.v1
APA Style
Sriramulu, S., Thoidingjam, S., Speers, C., & Nyati, S. (2024). Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1061.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sriramulu, S., Corey Speers and Shyam Nyati. 2024 "Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1061.v1
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of estrogen receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and progesterone receptors (PR). TNBC has the poorest prognosis among breast cancer subtypes and is more likely to respond to immunotherapy due to its higher expression of PD-L1 and a greater percentage of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunotherapy has revolutionized TNBC treatment, especially with the FDA's approval of pembrolizumab (Keytruda) combined with chemotherapy for advanced cases, opening new avenues for treating this deadly disease. Although, immunotherapy can significantly improve patient outcomes in a subset of patients, achieving the desired response rate for all remains an unmet clinical goal. Strategies that improve responses to immune checkpoint blockade, including combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, or radiotherapy may improve response rates and clinical outcomes. In this review, we provide a short background on TNBC and immunotherapy and explore the different types of immunotherapy strategies that are currently being evaluated in TNBC. Additionally, we review why combination strategies may be beneficial, provide an overview of the combination strategies, and discuss the novel immunotherapeutic opportunities that may be approved in the near future for TNBC.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
