Version 1
: Received: 15 August 2024 / Approved: 15 August 2024 / Online: 15 August 2024 (22:31:35 CEST)
How to cite:
Blokker, M.; Pan, Q.; Van Laarhoven, K. Validation of an Enhanced Drinking Water Temperature Model during Distribution. Preprints2024, 2024081181. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1181.v1
Blokker, M.; Pan, Q.; Van Laarhoven, K. Validation of an Enhanced Drinking Water Temperature Model during Distribution. Preprints 2024, 2024081181. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1181.v1
Blokker, M.; Pan, Q.; Van Laarhoven, K. Validation of an Enhanced Drinking Water Temperature Model during Distribution. Preprints2024, 2024081181. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1181.v1
APA Style
Blokker, M., Pan, Q., & Van Laarhoven, K. (2024). Validation of an Enhanced Drinking Water Temperature Model during Distribution. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1181.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Blokker, M., Quan Pan and Karel Van Laarhoven. 2024 "Validation of an Enhanced Drinking Water Temperature Model during Distribution" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.1181.v1
Abstract
The drinking water temperature is expected to increase in the Netherlands due to climate change and the installation of district heating networks as part of the energy transition. To determine effective measures to prevent undesirable temperature increase of the drinking water a model is developed. This model describes the temperature in the drinking water distribution network as a result of the transfer of heat from the climate, above and underground heat sources through the soil. The model consists of two coupled applications. The extended soil temperature model (STM+) describes the soil temperatures, in a two-dimensional finite element method that includes a drinking water pipe and two hot water pipes, coupled to a micro meteorology model. The extended water temperature model (WTM+) describes the drinking water temperature as a function of the surrounding soil temperature (the boundary temperature, resulting from the STM+), thermal sphere of influence where the drinking water temperature influences the soil temperature, and the hydraulics in the drinking water network. Both models are validated with field measurements. This paper describes the WTM+. Previous models did not consider the cooling effect of the drinking water on the surrounding soil, which led to an overestimation of the boundary temperature, and to an overestimation of how quickly the drinking water temperature reaches this boundary temperature. The field measurements show the improved accuracy of the WTM+ when considering one to two times the radius of the drinking water pipe as the thermal sphere of influence around the pipe.
Keywords
drinking water temperature; water quality; model validation
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Water Science and Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
