Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Basic Guide for Approaching Drug Delivery with Extracellular Vesicles

Sergey Brezgin
ORCID logo ,
Oleg Danilik
,
Alexandra Yudaeva
,
Artyom Kachanov
ORCID logo ,
Anastasiya Kostyusheva
,
Ivan Karandashov
ORCID logo ,
Natalia Ponomareva
,
Andrey A Zamyatnin Jr.
ORCID logo ,
Alessandro Parodi
ORCID logo ,
Vladimir Chulanov
ORCID logo ,
Dmitry Kostyushev
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 2 September 2024 / Approved: 3 September 2024 / Online: 3 September 2024 (09:49:33 CEST)

How to cite: Brezgin, S.; Danilik, O.; Yudaeva, A.; Kachanov, A.; Kostyusheva, A.; Karandashov, I.; Ponomareva, N.; Zamyatnin Jr., A. A.; Parodi, A.; Chulanov, V.; Kostyushev, D. Basic Guide for Approaching Drug Delivery with Extracellular Vesicles. Preprints 2024, 2024090202. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.0202.v1 Brezgin, S.; Danilik, O.; Yudaeva, A.; Kachanov, A.; Kostyusheva, A.; Karandashov, I.; Ponomareva, N.; Zamyatnin Jr., A. A.; Parodi, A.; Chulanov, V.; Kostyushev, D. Basic Guide for Approaching Drug Delivery with Extracellular Vesicles. Preprints 2024, 2024090202. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.0202.v1

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural carriers of biomolecules that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and tissue homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. Since the discovery of the pro-regenerative and immune-modulating properties of EVs, EV-based therapeutics have entered clinical trials for conditions such as myocardial infarction and autoimmune diseases, among others. Due to their unique advantages—such as superior bioavailability, substantial packaging capacity, and the ability to traverse biological barriers—EVs are regarded as a promising platform for targeted drug delivery. However, achieving sufficient accumulation of therapeutic agents at the target site necessitates a larger quantity of EVs per dose compared to using EVs as standalone drugs. This challenge can be addressed by administering larger doses of EVs, increasing the drug dosage per administration, or enhancing the selective accumulation of EVs at target cells. In this review, we will discuss methods to improve the isolation and purification of EVs, approaches to enhance cargo packaging—including proteins, RNAs, and small-molecule drugs—and technologies for displaying targeting ligands on the surface of EVs to facilitate improved targeting. Ultimately, this guide can be applied to the development of novel classes of EV-based therapeutics and to overcoming existing technological challenges.

Keywords

targeted drug delivery; nanotherapeutics; surface display

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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