Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Early Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia with E-Nose: A Pilot Study in Preterm Infants

Laura Tenero
,
Michele Piazza
ORCID logo ,
Marco Sandri
ORCID logo ,
Giuliana Ferrante
,
Elisabetta Giacomello
,
Benjamim Ficial
,
Marco Zaffanello
* ORCID logo ,
Paolo Biban
ORCID logo ,
Giorgio Piacentini
Version 1 : Received: 6 September 2024 / Approved: 6 September 2024 / Online: 9 September 2024 (08:02:58 CEST)

How to cite: Tenero, L.; Piazza, M.; Sandri, M.; Ferrante, G.; Giacomello, E.; Ficial, B.; Zaffanello, M.; Biban, P.; Piacentini, G. Early Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia with E-Nose: A Pilot Study in Preterm Infants. Preprints 2024, 2024090579. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.0579.v1 Tenero, L.; Piazza, M.; Sandri, M.; Ferrante, G.; Giacomello, E.; Ficial, B.; Zaffanello, M.; Biban, P.; Piacentini, G. Early Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia with E-Nose: A Pilot Study in Preterm Infants. Preprints 2024, 2024090579. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.0579.v1

Abstract

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common respiratory disease in pre-term and is still associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The great interest lies in iden-tifying early biomarkers that can predict the development of BPD. Objectives: This pilot study explores the potential of e-nose for early identification of BPD risk in premature infants by analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath con-densate (EBC). Materials and Methods: Fourteen mechanically ventilated very preterm infants were included in the study. Clinical parameters and EBC were collected within the first 24 hours of life. The dis-criminative ability of breath-prints between preterms who did and did not develop BPD was in-vestigated by pattern recognition, machine learning algorithm, and standard statistical methods. Results: We found that e-nose probes can significantly predict the outcome of “no-BPD” vs “BPD”. Specifically, a subset of probes (S18, S24, S14, and S6) were found to be significantly predictive, with an AUC of 0.87, 0.89, 0.82, 0.8 and p=0.019, 0.009, 0.043, 0.047, respectively. Conclusion: The E-nose is an easy-to-use, handheld, non-invasive electronic device that quickly samples breath. Our preliminary study has shown that it has the potential for early prediction of BPD in preterms.

Keywords

electronic nose; volatile organic compounds; preterms; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; mechanical ventilation; breathomics

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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