Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery: Insights into Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

Version 1 : Received: 18 September 2024 / Approved: 19 September 2024 / Online: 20 September 2024 (10:21:11 CEST)

How to cite: Adwan, S.; Qasmieh, M.; Al-Akayleh, F.; Ali Agha, A. S. Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery: Insights into Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. Preprints 2024, 2024091585. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1585.v1 Adwan, S.; Qasmieh, M.; Al-Akayleh, F.; Ali Agha, A. S. Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery: Insights into Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. Preprints 2024, 2024091585. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1585.v1

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This review examines the evolution of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) in ocular drug delivery, focusing on their ability to address the challenges associated with traditional ophthalmic formulations. The study aims to underscore the enhanced bioavailability, prolonged retention, and controlled release properties of LLCs that significantly improve therapeutic outcomes; Methods: The review synthesizes data from various studies on both bulk-forming LLCs and liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs). It also considers advanced analytical techniques, including the use of machine learning and AI-driven predictive modeling, to forecast the phase behavior and molecular structuring of LLC systems. Emerging technologies in biosensing and real-time diagnostics are discussed to illustrate the broader applicability of LLCs in ocular health; Results: LLCs are identified as pivotal in promoting targeted drug delivery across different regions of the eye, with specific emphasis on the tailored optimization of LCNPs. The review highlights principal categories of LLCs used in ocular applications, each facilitating unique interactions with physiological systems to enhance drug efficacy and safety. Additionally, novel applications in biosensing demonstrate LLCs' capacity to improve diagnostic processes; Conclusions: Lyotropic liquid crystals offer transformative potential in ocular drug delivery by overcoming significant limitations of conventional delivery methods. The integration of predictive technologies and biosensing applications further enriches the utility of LLCs, indicating a promising future for their use in clinical settings. This review points to continued advancements and encourages further research in LLC technology to maximize its therapeutic benefits.

Keywords

Ocular drug delivery; Lyotropic liquid crystals; Liquid crystal nanoparticles; Cubosomes; Bulk-forming; Machine learning; Biosensing applications

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Ophthalmology

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