Preprint Review Version 1 This version is not peer-reviewed

Towards the Development of Next-Generation Lung Cancer Immunotherapy

Yoshinobu Ichiki
* ORCID logo ,
Nako Saito
,
Ryo Taguchi
,
Tetsuya Umesaki
,
Hiroyuki Nitanda
,
Hirozo Sakaguchi
,
Hironori Ishida
,
Tomonori Kawasaki
ORCID logo ,
Hisao Imai
ORCID logo ,
Kyoichi Kaira
ORCID logo ,
Hiroshi Kagamu
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 23 September 2024 / Approved: 23 September 2024 / Online: 24 September 2024 (04:49:40 CEST)

How to cite: Ichiki, Y.; Saito, N.; Taguchi, R.; Umesaki, T.; Nitanda, H.; Sakaguchi, H.; Ishida, H.; Kawasaki, T.; Imai, H.; Kaira, K.; Kagamu, H. Towards the Development of Next-Generation Lung Cancer Immunotherapy. Preprints 2024, 2024091832. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1832.v1 Ichiki, Y.; Saito, N.; Taguchi, R.; Umesaki, T.; Nitanda, H.; Sakaguchi, H.; Ishida, H.; Kawasaki, T.; Imai, H.; Kaira, K.; Kagamu, H. Towards the Development of Next-Generation Lung Cancer Immunotherapy. Preprints 2024, 2024091832. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.1832.v1

Abstract

The immune system attempts to eliminate foreign substances, such as pathogens and viruses, that invade the body. As normal cells transform into cancerous cells, the immune system can eliminate these cells and suppress cancer onset. The immune system is regulated so that it does not become overactive or attack normal cells. When cancer cells transform from normal cells, they acquire various characteristics, and some cancer cells influence the regulatory function of the immune system to suppress it and escape immune attack. Therefore, treatments have been developed to eliminate the suppression of the immune system by cancer cells and to restore the immune system's ability to eliminate cancer cells. Immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, cancer vaccines, and effector cell therapies. Cytokine therapy activates the immune system by injecting substances produced by immune cells (such as interleukin 2 and interferon alpha) into the body, thereby increasing the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells. Cancer vaccine therapy enhances the attack on cancer cells by injecting substances (antigens) that serve as markers for cancer cells into the body to make it easier for immune cells to detect the cancer. Depending on the type of antigen, cancer peptides, tumor cells, and dendritic cell vaccines are available. Effector cell therapy is a treatment method in which immune cells that directly attack cancer cells (CD8+ T cells, NK cells, etc.) are taken from the patient's body, expanded outside the body, activated, and returned to the body to attack cancer cells. To develop these treatments, it is essential to understand the cells and molecules related to immunity as well as the local tumor environment. In this article, we consider the factors related to antitumor immunity.

Keywords

lung cancer; immune check inhibitor; cancer immunology; CTL

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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