Version 1
: Received: 19 September 2024 / Approved: 25 September 2024 / Online: 26 September 2024 (14:00:25 CEST)
How to cite:
Patel, D. D.; Fenton, L. Z.; Lamture, S.; Kandula, V. Pediatric Meningeal Diseases: What Radiologists Need to Know. Preprints2024, 2024092098. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2098.v1
Patel, D. D.; Fenton, L. Z.; Lamture, S.; Kandula, V. Pediatric Meningeal Diseases: What Radiologists Need to Know. Preprints 2024, 2024092098. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2098.v1
Patel, D. D.; Fenton, L. Z.; Lamture, S.; Kandula, V. Pediatric Meningeal Diseases: What Radiologists Need to Know. Preprints2024, 2024092098. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2098.v1
APA Style
Patel, D. D., Fenton, L. Z., Lamture, S., & Kandula, V. (2024). Pediatric Meningeal Diseases: What Radiologists Need to Know. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2098.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Patel, D. D., Swastika Lamture and Vinay Kandula. 2024 "Pediatric Meningeal Diseases: What Radiologists Need to Know" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2098.v1
Abstract
Evaluating altered mental status and suspected meningeal disorders in children often begins with imaging, typically before a lumbar puncture. The challenge is that meningeal enhancement is a common finding across a range of pathologies, making diagnosis complex. This review proposes a categorization of meningeal diseases based on their predominant imaging characteristics. It includes a detailed description of the clinical and imaging features of various conditions that lead to leptomeningeal or pachymeningeal enhancement in children and adolescents.
These conditions encompass infectious meningitis (viral, bacterial, tuberculous, algal, and fungal), autoimmune diseases (such as anti-MOG demyelination, neurosarcoidosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis, and NMDA-related encephalitis), primary and secondary tumors (including diffuse glioneuronal tumor of childhood, primary CNS rhabdomyosarcoma, primary CNS tumoral metastasis, extracranial tumor metastasis, and lymphoma), tumor-like diseases (Langerhans cell histiocytosis and ALK-positive histiocytosis), vascular causes (such as pial angiomatosis, ANCA-related vasculitis, and Moyamoya disease), and other disorders like spontaneous intracranial hypotension and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Despite the nonspecific nature of imaging findings associated with meningeal lesions, narrowing down the differential diagnoses is crucial, as each condition requires a tailored and specific treatment approach.
Keywords
Meningeal enhancement; Pediatric; Meningitis; Drop Metastasis; Pachymeningeal enhancement
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
