Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study

Iván Pinilla-Quintana; Evelyn Martín-Moraleda; Antonio Hernández-Martínez; Carmen Mota; María Teresa Martínez-Romero; Nuria Gómez; María Virginia García-Coll; Esther Cabanillas; Alberto Dorado-Suárez; Maria Paula Santos; Diane Marjorie Crone; Cristina Romero-Blanco; Javier Molina-García; Sandra Mandic; Fabio Jiménez-Zazo; Susana Aznar

doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2132.v1

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preprints.org > social sciences > transportation > doi: 10.20944/preprints202409.2132.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 This version is not peer-reviewed

Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study

Iván Pinilla-Quintana

Evelyn Martín-Moraleda

Antonio Hernández-Martínez

Carmen Mota

María Teresa Martínez-Romero

Nuria Gómez

María Virginia García-Coll

Esther Cabanillas

Alberto Dorado-Suárez

Maria Paula Santos

Diane Marjorie Crone

Cristina Romero-Blanco

Version 1 : Received: 25 September 2024 / Approved: 26 September 2024 / Online: 26 September 2024 (17:09:51 CEST)

How to cite: Pinilla-Quintana, I.; Martín-Moraleda, E.; Hernández-Martínez, A.; Mota, C.; Martínez-Romero, M. T.; Gómez, N.; García-Coll, M. V.; Cabanillas, E.; Dorado-Suárez, A.; Santos, M. P.; Crone, D. M.; Romero-Blanco, C.; Molina-García, J.; Mandic, S.; Jiménez-Zazo, F.; Aznar, S. Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study. Preprints 2024, 2024092132. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2132.v1 Pinilla-Quintana, I.; Martín-Moraleda, E.; Hernández-Martínez, A.; Mota, C.; Martínez-Romero, M. T.; Gómez, N.; García-Coll, M. V.; Cabanillas, E.; Dorado-Suárez, A.; Santos, M. P.; Crone, D. M.; Romero-Blanco, C.; Molina-García, J.; Mandic, S.; Jiménez-Zazo, F.; Aznar, S. Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study. Preprints 2024, 2024092132. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2132.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pinilla-Quintana, I.; Martín-Moraleda, E.; Hernández-Martínez, A.; Mota, C.; Martínez-Romero, M. T.; Gómez, N.; García-Coll, M. V.; Cabanillas, E.; Dorado-Suárez, A.; Santos, M. P.; Crone, D. M.; Romero-Blanco, C.; Molina-García, J.; Mandic, S.; Jiménez-Zazo, F.; Aznar, S. Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study. Preprints 2024, 2024092132. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2132.v1

APA Style

Pinilla-Quintana, I., Martín-Moraleda, E., Hernández-Martínez, A., Mota, C., Martínez-Romero, M. T., Gómez, N., García-Coll, M. V., Cabanillas, E., Dorado-Suárez, A., Santos, M. P., Crone, D. M., Romero-Blanco, C., Molina-García, J., Mandic, S., Jiménez-Zazo, F., & Aznar, S. (2024). Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2132.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pinilla-Quintana, I., Fabio Jiménez-Zazo and Susana Aznar. 2024 "Walkable Distances to School in Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas: The PACO Y PACA Study" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.2132.v1

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Distance or urbanisation settings may affect active commuting to school (ACS). This study aimed to (i) detect home-school threshold distances of walking to school and (ii) predict walkable distances among adolescents in different urbanisation settings and both sexes, and (iii) to identify variables predicting adolescents’ ACS, in a central Spain region. Methods: The PACOyPACA (Spanish acronym for Pedal-and-Walk to School, Pedal-and-Walk Home) study evaluated adolescents attending urban, semi-urban and rural schools from Castilla-La Mancha region. The sample included 448 adolescents [48.9% females, mean age 14.80 (SD=0.60)] living closer than 5,100m from school. Distance was divided into deciles to detect which adolescents walked more. Most walkable distances within the whole sample, by sex and by urbanisation settings were predicted using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Variables affecting ACS were found with binary logistic regression. Significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most adolescents walked to school (73.1%). Commuting modes differed significantly by urbanisation settings (p=0.001), but not by sex. Most walked when living around 1,400m from school or closer within the whole sample, in both sexes and in urban and semi-urban settings, and adolescents within rural settings did it until 750-900m. Walkable distances were 1,350m for the whole sample and both sexes, and 1,450, 1,350 and 800 within urban, semi-urban and rural settings, respectively. Distance was the only predictor of ACS (p<0.001). Conclusions: Walkable home-school distances differed based on urbanisation settings, which may be due to the classification of urbanisation settings. This study addresses schools within scarcely populated areas.

Keywords

active transport; walking; built environment; urbanicity; students; education; youth; teenagers

Subject

Social Sciences, Transportation

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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