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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
Submitted:
30 September 2024
Posted:
01 October 2024
You are already at the latest version
Characteristics | ALL | No COPD-E | COPD -E | p | N |
N=722 (CI95%: LI – LS) |
N=340 (CI95%: LI – LS) |
N=382 (CI95%: LI – LS) |
|||
Exacerbation of COPD (%) 1 | 53 [50;57] | 0 [0;0] | 100 [96;99.9] | 0.000 | 722 |
Sex | |||||
Men | 60 [57;64] | 64 [59;69] | 57 [52;62] | 0.038 | 722 |
Woman | 39.9 [36.3;43.6] | 35.9 [30.8;41.2] | 43.5 [38.4;48.6] | 0.046 | 722 |
Current age () | 75.1 [74.4;75.8] | 74.4 [73.4;75.5] | 75.6 [74.7;76.6] | 0.086 | 722 |
History of COPD-E (%) | |||||
COPD-E mild | 12 [9; 16] | 8 [4;12] | 16 [10;22] | 0.031 | 722 |
COPD-E moderate | 39 [32; 45] | 19 [13;25] | 56 [45;66] | <0.001 | 722 |
COPD-E severe | 40 [0.34;0.45] | 24 [17;30] | 54 [46;62] | <0.001 | 722 |
COPD classification according to GOLD 2019: (%) | <0.001 | 722 | |||
Grade A | 28.0 [24.7;31.4] | 30.0 [25.2;35.2] | 26.2 [21.8;30.9] | ||
Grade B | 39.5 [35.9;43.1] | 51.2 [45.7;56.6] | 29.1 [24.6;33.9] | ||
Grade C | 10.9 [8.76;13.4] | 5.29 [3.17;8.24] | 16.0 [12.4;20.0] | ||
Grade D | 21.6 [18.7;24.8] | 13.5 [10.1;17.6] | 28.8 [24.3;33.6] | ||
Pulmonary function () | |||||
FVC_PRE 2 | 2.66 [2.46;2.86] | 2.81 [2.39;3.22] | 2.52 [2.43;2.61] | 0.189 | 702 |
FEV1_PRE 3 | 1.30 [1.26;1.34] | 1.33 [1.27;1.39] | 1.27 [1.21;1.32] | 0.136 | 702 |
FEV1/FVCPRE 4 | 0.82 [0.46;1.19] | 0.77 [0.27;1.27] | 0.88 [0.36;1.40] | 0.762 | 697 |
FVC_POS 5 | 3.14 [2.43;3.85] | 3.77 [2.54;5.01] | 2.58 [1.82;3.34] | 0.106 | 702 |
FEV1POSPRED 6 | 1.81 [1.73;1.88] | 2.00 [1.89;2.11] | 1.64 [1.54;1.74] | <0.001 | 693 |
VE1/FVCPRED 7 | 44.1 [33.5;54.7] | 51.1 [39.7;62.5] | 37.7 [20.3;55.1] | 0.206 | 699 |
LIN 8 | 68.8 [68.5;69.1] | 68.9 [68.5;69.4] | 68.7 [68.4;69.0] | 0.443 | 722 |
FEV1/CV_FCRAPO | 69.5 [69.3;69.7] | 69.6 [69.3;69.9] | 69.5 [69.2;69.7] | 0.443 | 722 |
FVC_POS0_2 9 | 0.90 [0.84;0.96] | 0.93 [0.80;1.06] | 0.87 [0.85;0.89] | 0.397 | 722 |
FEV1_POS0 10 | 1.37 [1.34;1.41] | 1.39 [1.34;1.45] | 1.36 [1.30;1.41] | 0.394 | 722 |
FEV1_POS0_2 11 | 0.58 [0.57;0.60] | 0.58 [0.56;0.60] | 0.58 [0.57;0.60] | 0.863 | 722 |
FEV1/FVC0 12 | 0.52 [0.51;0.52] | 0.52 [0.50;0.53] | 0.52 [0.50;0.53] | 0.790 | 722 |
Quality of Life -questionnaire Saint George 13 |
|||||
Symptoms | 41.0 [39.5;42.5] | 36.0 [33.9;38.1] | 45.8 [43.7;47.9] | <0.001 | |
Activity | 60.2 [58.3;62.1] | 58.5 [55.9;61.2] | 61.7 [59.0;64.4] | 0.103 | |
Impact | 32.9 [31.3;34.5] | 31.4 [29.1;33.8] | 34.3 [32.0;36.5] | 0.087 | |
Total | 42.4 [40.9;43.8] | 40.1 [38.1;42.2] | 44.4 [42.4;46.5] | 0.003 | |
Used LTOT at admission (%) | 0.349 | ||||
No | 32.8 [29.4;36.4] | 34.7 [29.7;40.0] | 31.2[26.5;36.1] | ||
Yes | 67.2 [63.6;70.6] | 65.3 [60.0;70.3] | 68.8 [63.9;73.5] | ||
Current prescribed hours | 15.3 [14.6;16.0] | 15.4 [14.4;16.4] | 15.3 [14.4;16.2] | 0.893 | 563 |
Risk factor: (%) | 0.244 | 722 | |||
Wood smoke | 12.9 [10.5;15.5] | 13.5 [10.1;17.6] | 12.3 [9.18;16.0] | ||
No risk factor | 1.11 [0.48;2.17] | 0.29 [0.01;1.63] | 1.83 [0.74;3.74] | ||
Tobacco | 56.5 [52.8;60.2] | 59.4 [54.0;64.7] | 53.9 [48.8;59.0] | ||
Firewood tobacco | 25.2 [22.1;28.5] | 22.9 [18.6;27.8] | 27.2 [22.8;32.0] | ||
Passive tobacco | 2.77 [1.70;4.25] | 2.35 [1.02;4.58] | 3.14 [1.63;5.42] | ||
Tobacco and other fumes | 1.52 [0.76;2.71] | 1.47 [0.48;3.40] | 1.57 [0.58;3.39] | ||
Current smoking (%) | 0.692 | 709 | |||
No | 90.8 [88.5;92.9] | 91.0 [87.4;93.9] | 90.7 [87.3;93.4] | ||
Yes | 9.03 [7.02;11.4] | 8.68 [5.89;12.2] | 9.33 [6.59;12.7] | ||
NA | 0.14 [0.00;0.78] | 0.30 [0.01;1.66] | 0.00 [0.00;0.98] | ||
Index Package year (IPA) () | 35.0 [32.8;37.2] | 35.1 [31.9;38.2] | 34.9 [31.8;38.0] | 0.944 | 622 |
Index Package year (IPA) categorized (%) | 0.979 | 722 | |||
Mild < 5 | 13.9 [11.4;16.6] | 13.8 [10.3;18.0] | 13.9 [10.6;17.8] | ||
Moderato 5-15 | 41.1 [37.5;44.8] | 40.6 [35.3;46.0] | 41.6 [36.6;46.7] | ||
Severe 16-25 | 23.4 [20.4;26.7] | 24.1 [19.7;29.0] | 22.8 [18.7;27.3] | ||
Very Severe >25 | 21.6 [18.7;24.8] | 21.5 [17.2;26.2] | 21.7 [17.7;26.2] | ||
Hospitalization (%) | <0.001 | 637 | |||
Never | 0.16 [0.00;0.87] | 0.00 [0.00;1.41] | 0.27 [0.01;1.47] | ||
Before de 2018 | 61.4 [57.5;65.2] | 91.2 [87.0;94.3] | 40.8 [35.8;46.0] | ||
Follow - up (2018-2021) | 38.5 [34.7;42.4] | 8.85 [5.69;13.0] | 58.9 [53.7;63.9] | ||
Number of patients with COPD-E (%) before follow - up | 31 [27;34] | 14 [10;17] | 46 [41;51] | <0.001 | 722 |
Hospitalization for respiratory cause | 0.31 [0.28;0.34] | 0.14 [0.10;0.18] | 0.46 [0.41;0.51] | <0.001 | 722 |
Type of hospitalization (%) | <0.001 | 722 | |||
No respiratory | 0,14 [0,00;0,77] | 0,29 [0,01;1,63] | 0,00 [0,00;0,96] | ||
Respiratory | 30,7 [27,4;34,3] | 13,5 [10,1;17,6] | 46,1 [41,0;51,2] | ||
No hospitalization | 69,1 [65,6;72,5] | 86,2 [82,0;89,7] | 53,9 [48,8;59,0] | ||
ICU yes | 0,06 [0,03;0,08] | 0,04 [0,01;0,08] | 0,06 [0,03;0,09] | 0,435 | 374 |
Mean Follow - up time in days | 719 [684;755] | 932 [881;984] | 530 [489;570] | <0,001 | 722 |
Type de COPD-E (%) | <0,001 | 722 | |||
No exacerbation | 47.1 [43.4;50.8] | 100 [98.9;100] | 0.00 [0.00;0.96] | ||
Severe | 4.43 [3.05;6.20] | 0.00 [0.00;1.08] | 8.38 [5.80;11.6] | ||
Mild | 11.2 [9.01;13.8] | 0.00 [0.00;1.08] | 21.2 [17.2;25.6] | ||
Moderate | 37.3 [33.7;40.9] | 0.00 [0.00;1.08] | 70.4 [65.6;75.0] | ||
PM2.5 (ug/m3) () 14 | 16.0 [15.7;16.3] | 15.4 [15.0;15.8] | 16.6 [16.1;17.0] | <0.001 | 722 |
NO2 (ug/m3) () 15 | 30.3 [29.8;30.8] | 29.6 [28.9;30.3] | 31.0 [30.3;31.7] | 0.005 | 722 |
Temperature (°C) () | 14.7 [14.7;14.8] | 14.7 [14.7;14.8] | 14.7 [14.7;14.8] | 0.827 | 722 |
Precipitation (mm) () | 0.11 [0.11;0.12] | 0.13 [0.12;0.13] | 0.10 [0.10;0.11] | <0.001 | 722 |
Solar Radiation (Wm2) () | 161 [160;162] | 158 [156;159] | 164 [163;166] | <0.001 | 722 |
Relative Humidity () | 65.4 [65.3;65.6] | 66.0 [65.8;66.3] | 64.9 [64.7;65.1] | <0.001 | 722 |
COVID19 (%) | 0.870 | 722 | |||
No | 78.1 [74.9;81.1] | 78.5 [73.8;82.8] | 77.7 [73.2;81.8] | ||
Yes | 21.9 [18.9;25.1] | 21.5 [17.2;26.2] | 22.3 [18.2;26.8] |
Variable | Model with PM2.5 HR (CI95: LI – LS) |
Model with categorical variable for ≥ 15µg/m3 PM2.5 HR (CI 95: LI – LS) |
Model with NO2 HR (CI95: LI – LS) |
Model with categorical variable for ≥ 25µg/m3 NO2 HR (CI95: LI – LS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
n: 586 n events: 329 | ||||
Pollutant | 1.03 (1.02- 1.05) ** | 1.19 (0.95-1.48) | 1.05 (1.03 -1.07) *** | 1.49 (1.12 -1.98) ** |
FEV1 pre- bronchodilator | 0.81 (0.65- 1.003) | 0.80 (0.64 -0.99) * | 0.83 (0.67 -1.03) | 0.80 (0.64-0.99) * |
Quality of the questionnaire Saint George (Symptoms) |
1.01 (1.01 - 1.02) *** | 1.01 (1.01 -1.018) *** | 1.01 (1.01 -1.02) *** | 1.01 (1.01-1.02) *** |
Solar radiation | 1.02 (1.01- 1.03) *** | 1.01 (1.01-1.018) *** | 1.02 (1.02 -1.03) *** | 1.02 (1.01-1.02) *** |
Number before of COPD-E | 1.02 (1.02- 1.024) *** | 1.02 (1.02 -1.024) *** | 1.02 (1.01 -1.024) *** | 1.02 (1.02-1.024) *** |
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