The vector would also base edit the
cd45 gene of the patient’s harvested HSCs so that anti-CD45 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells can be intravenously administered to eliminate the remainder of the patient’s blood cancer cells[
11]. The CAR T-cells can be purged as well if necessary, and should also have a base edited
cd45 gene themselves to avoid fratricide. For acute myeloid leukemia, instead of
cd45, a combination of
flt3,
cd123, and
kit epitope editing can be exploited[
12]. The CAR T-cells could potentially be off-the-shelf, precluding tumor cell contamination issues[
13,
14]. They could be eliminated after treatment and re-administered later if necessary[
15]. An immunotoxin targeting CD45 could be used instead of CAR T-cells[
16]. It was demonstrated that the base edited
cd45 gene product for the immunotoxin referenced here[
17] was more biophysically optimal than the one generated earlier for CAR T-cell targeting[
11]. In either case, an anti-CD45 immunotoxin could be used to select HSCs base edited
ex vivo. However, with regard to
in vivo administration, repeated injections may be required for immunotoxins, as opposed to autologous CAR T-cells, which can persist in circulation for long periods of time. Finally, healthy HSCs with an edited
cd45 gene, i.e., after selection, would be infused intravenously or selected
in vivo. With regard to the
ex vivo approach, treated cells could possibly be expanded
in vitro if necessary [
8,
18]. In the latter case, a mixture of unedited and edited HSCs may home to the bone marrow. However, the edited versions would be selected over time and amplify. The edited HSCs would eventually reconstitute all the immune cell compartments.