PreprintReviewVersion 1This version is not peer-reviewed
Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects
Version 1
: Received: 6 October 2024 / Approved: 7 October 2024 / Online: 8 October 2024 (11:32:33 CEST)
How to cite:
Nowak-Jary, J.; Machnicka, B. Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects. Preprints2024, 2024100530. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0530.v1
Nowak-Jary, J.; Machnicka, B. Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects. Preprints 2024, 2024100530. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0530.v1
Nowak-Jary, J.; Machnicka, B. Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects. Preprints2024, 2024100530. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0530.v1
APA Style
Nowak-Jary, J., & Machnicka, B. (2024). Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0530.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Nowak-Jary, J. and Beata Machnicka. 2024 "Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0530.v1
Abstract
Owing to recent advancements in nanotechnology, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), are currently widely employed in the field of medicine. These MNPs, characterized by their large specific surface area, potential for diverse functionalization, and magnetic properties, have found application in various medical domains, including tumor imaging (MRI), radiolabelling, internal radiotherapy, hyperthermia, gene therapy, drug delivery, and theranostics. However, ensuring the non-toxicity of MNPs when employed in medical practices is paramount. Thus, ongoing research endeavors are essential to comprehensively understand and address potential toxicological implications associated with their usage. This review aims to present the latest research and findings on assessing the potential toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles. It meticulously delineates the primary mechanisms of MNPs toxicity at the cellular level, encompassing oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, disruption of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane perturbation, alterations in the cell cycle, dysregulation of gene expression, inflammatory response, disturbance in ion homeostasis, and interference with cell migration and mobility. Furthermore, the review expounds upon the potential impact of MNPs on various organs and systems, including the brain and nervous system, heart and circulatory system, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, urinary, and reproductive systems.
Keywords
magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, nanotoxicity, oxidative stress, nanomedicine, nanobiotechnology
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanotechnology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
