Version 1
: Received: 10 October 2024 / Approved: 11 October 2024 / Online: 11 October 2024 (11:02:05 CEST)
How to cite:
Bardwaj, P.; Kulasiri, D.; Samarasinghe, S.; Zhang, Y. A Review of Systems Biology of Axon Initial Segment: Action Potential Initiation, Propagation, and Neurological Diseases. Preprints2024, 2024100878. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0878.v1
Bardwaj, P.; Kulasiri, D.; Samarasinghe, S.; Zhang, Y. A Review of Systems Biology of Axon Initial Segment: Action Potential Initiation, Propagation, and Neurological Diseases. Preprints 2024, 2024100878. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0878.v1
Bardwaj, P.; Kulasiri, D.; Samarasinghe, S.; Zhang, Y. A Review of Systems Biology of Axon Initial Segment: Action Potential Initiation, Propagation, and Neurological Diseases. Preprints2024, 2024100878. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0878.v1
APA Style
Bardwaj, P., Kulasiri, D., Samarasinghe, S., & Zhang, Y. (2024). A Review of Systems Biology of Axon Initial Segment: Action Potential Initiation, Propagation, and Neurological Diseases. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0878.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Bardwaj, P., Sandhya Samarasinghe and Yan Zhang. 2024 "A Review of Systems Biology of Axon Initial Segment: Action Potential Initiation, Propagation, and Neurological Diseases" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.0878.v1
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) region is crucial for action potential (AP) initiation due to its molecular organization especially voltage gated ion channels and Ankyrin-G (AnkG). AnkG act as recruiter and restrict almost all the proteins at AIS in order to maintain the AIS assembly. Voltage gated sodium channels (Nav channels) are enriched at AIS with high density and independently responsible for the AP initiation. Moreover, AIS also contains voltage gated potassium channels (Kv channels) for repolarization phase of AP, microtubules (MTs) responsible for the proper protein trafficking through molecular motors. AIS also acts as a cytoplasmic filter and diffusion barrier, responsible for the selective entry of the proteins into axon. Mutation of AIS related protein can cause various neurological dysfunction including Alzheimer’s disease. This review also reflects the role and importance of computational modelling in the understanding of action potential mechanisms mathematically.
Keywords
Axon initial segment; Voltage gated sodium channel; Voltage gated potassium channel; Ankyrin-G; Casein kinase-2; Microtubules
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
