PreprintArticleVersion 1This version is not peer-reviewed
Waste SMD LEDs from end-of-life Residential LED Lamps: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals as a function of Correlated Colour Temperature
Version 1
: Received: 1 November 2024 / Approved: 1 November 2024 / Online: 1 November 2024 (15:07:31 CET)
How to cite:
Sideris, K. M.; Katsiris, I.; Fragkoulis, D.; Stathopoulos, V. N.; Sinioros, P. Waste SMD LEDs from end-of-life Residential LED Lamps: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals as a function of Correlated Colour Temperature. Preprints2024, 2024110104. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0104.v1
Sideris, K. M.; Katsiris, I.; Fragkoulis, D.; Stathopoulos, V. N.; Sinioros, P. Waste SMD LEDs from end-of-life Residential LED Lamps: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals as a function of Correlated Colour Temperature. Preprints 2024, 2024110104. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0104.v1
Sideris, K. M.; Katsiris, I.; Fragkoulis, D.; Stathopoulos, V. N.; Sinioros, P. Waste SMD LEDs from end-of-life Residential LED Lamps: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals as a function of Correlated Colour Temperature. Preprints2024, 2024110104. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0104.v1
APA Style
Sideris, K. M., Katsiris, I., Fragkoulis, D., Stathopoulos, V. N., & Sinioros, P. (2024). Waste SMD LEDs from end-of-life Residential LED Lamps: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals as a function of Correlated Colour Temperature. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0104.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sideris, K. M., Vassilis N. Stathopoulos and Panagiotis Sinioros. 2024 "Waste SMD LEDs from end-of-life Residential LED Lamps: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals as a function of Correlated Colour Temperature" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0104.v1
Abstract
Energy consumption in buildings is also linked to lighting technology. Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology includes lamps and luminaires for general lighting applications. Due to their structure, LED lamps are expected to generate specific e-waste streams. LEDs are the main source of luminous flux and their elemental composition is of particular interest to the recycling sector. In this study, surface mount device (SMD) LEDs from six types of LED lamps (E27, E14, G9, R7S, GU10 and MR16) were removed, collected, separated by correlated colour temperature (CCT) (2700 K, 3000 K, 4000 K and 6500 K) and characterised for the presence of rare earth elements and precious metals. They were digested with HNO3 and aqua regia in a hot plate and characterised by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentration of each element as a function of CCT ranged between: lanthanum (242 - 1,840) mg kg-1, cerium (132 - 284) mg kg-1, europium (15 - 69) mg kg-1, gadolinium (1.9 - 3.8) mg kg-1, terbium (0.1 - 0.4) mg kg-1, lutetium (29 - 6,381) mg kg-1, yttrium (4,804 - 11,551) mg kg-1, silver (2,712 - 5,262) mg kg-1, gold (502 - 956) mg kg-1 and palladium (32 - 110) mg kg-1. These results indicate the need for selective removal and separate recycling processes of SMD LEDs from LED lamps.
Keywords
measurements and characterisation; LED lamps; LED module; SMD LEDs; rare earth elements; precious metals; ICP-MS analysis
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
