Version 1
: Received: 4 November 2024 / Approved: 4 November 2024 / Online: 5 November 2024 (09:30:20 CET)
How to cite:
Wang, Z.; Kaplan, R. C.; Burk, R. D.; Qi, Q. The Oral Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints2024, 2024110213. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0213.v1
Wang, Z.; Kaplan, R. C.; Burk, R. D.; Qi, Q. The Oral Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints 2024, 2024110213. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0213.v1
Wang, Z.; Kaplan, R. C.; Burk, R. D.; Qi, Q. The Oral Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints2024, 2024110213. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0213.v1
APA Style
Wang, Z., Kaplan, R. C., Burk, R. D., & Qi, Q. (2024). The Oral Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0213.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Wang, Z., Robert D Burk and Qibin Qi. 2024 "The Oral Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0213.v1
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in high-throughput omics techniques have enhanced our understanding of the human microbiome's role in the development of CVD. Although the relationship between the gut microbiome and CVD has attracted considerable research attention and has been rapidly evolving in recent years, the role of the oral microbiome remains less understood, with most prior studies focusing on periodontitis-related pathogens. In this review, we summarized previously reported associations between the oral microbiome and CVD, highlighting known CVD-associated taxa such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We also discussed the interactions between the oral and gut microbes. The potential mechanisms by which the oral microbiota can influence CVD development include oral and systemic inflammation, immune responses, cytokine release, translocation of oral bacteria into the bloodstream, and the impact of microbial-related products such as microbial metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs], trimethylamine oxide [TMAO], hydrogen sulfide [H2S], nitric oxide [NO]) and specific toxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). The processes driven by these mechanisms may contribute to atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and other cardiovascular pathologies. Integrated multi-omics methodologies, along with large-scale longitudinal population studies and intervention studies, will facilitate a deeper understanding of the metabolic and functional roles of the oral microbiome in cardiovascular health. This fundamental knowledge will support the development of targeted interventions and effective therapies to prevent or reduce the progression from cardiovascular risk to clinical CVD events.
Keywords
Oral microbiome; gut microbiome; cardiovascular diseases; inflammatory markers; microbial metabolites
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
